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Writing Exercise #4

Parsonnet J. The incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1995 ;Suppl 2:45-51.

(1) Julie Parsonnet in her research entitled “The incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection” (1995) asserts that acute infection of helicobacter pylori usually goes undetected and also that it tends to be more prevalent in children possibly due to lack of personal hygiene standards. (2) Parsonnet also claims that although the prevalence is higher in children than adults, the adults have likely had Helicobacter pylori introduced since they were children and they are just better at masking symptoms of an acute infection. (3) The purpose of this article is to describe her hypotheses around the gut environment and point to occurrences of peptic ulcers which are often very painful. When allowed to perpetuate without treatment, this condition can lead to stomach cancer and irreversible damage to the lining of the stomach. (4) Parsonnet established her claim as a respected scholar at Stanford University where she continues her research as an epidemiologist specializing in gastrointestinal infections.

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Writing Exercise #3

Things that could change the environment in your gut –

Starting a keto diet, Intermittent fasting, making any changes to their diet including reducing any one of protein, fat, or carbohydrates.

Reducing “carbs” is very popular right now.

Eating more vegetables. Eating fiber supplements.

Doing a “cleanse.”

Starting to exercise more.

Exchanging your normal coffee with creamer for some kind of protein drink. Meal replacements.

Travel to a different country for vacation with different cuisine. Beginning to take supplements.

Drinking more alcohol. Drinking less alcohol.

Cutting out sugar. Cutting out meat or switching to a plant-based diet.

Going lactose-free.

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Writing Exercise #2

There are over 100 HPV strains recognized in the human body. But only a select few of these strains are highly cancerous. These are the strains I would suggest research increased. They are known as HPV 16, 18, 31, and 45. They are known as high-risk.

HPV is now recognized as the human cancer virus responsible for causing virtually all cases of cervical cancer in women, with the high-risk HPVs 16, 18, 31 and 45 accounting for up to ~80% of cervical cancer. HPV types 33, 35, 39, 51 52, 56 58 and 59 are also associated with cervical cancer and several other types have been classified as “probably carcinogenic to humans” or “possibly carcinogenic” 

Bouvard V, Baan R, Straif K, Grosse Y, Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Guha N, Freeman C, Galichet L, Cogliano V. A review of human carcinogens–Part B: biological agents. Lancet Oncol. 2009; 10:321–322. [PubMed: 19350698]

Treatment options are currently available to reduce the spread of strains 16 and 18 and were introduced in 2018. They are expected to relieve the majority of the HPV infection burden on our population over time and with continued and consistent use.