Category: Uncategorized

Through out the course we read from various materials pertaining to working in systems. As well as how to navigate institutions that are set in patriarchy ideologies that are designed to oppress those that are marginalized by society that don’t fit in society’s box of what is considered acceptable. In the reading Reflections on Liberation urged its readers to start a conversation “This is a challenge for all of us. The work of liberation politics is to change hearts and minds, develop empathy with and sympathy for other people, and help each other discover how we are inextricably linked together for our common good and our survival on this planet.” Parr (pg 604) This quote alone is laying down the grown work on how to navigate an injustice world. By changing the hearts of how others see those differently from them we can break down barriers and systems of oppression. But with breaking system of oppression will not be easy. Those with power want to hold on their power and will do anything to achieve that. That one day everyone will treat each other the same regardless of what identity they are. Because at the end of the day we are all human; that have differences but we are still human we are the same in that aspect.

All the readings we need in class can apply to our wiki project. I did police abuse of sex workers in the United States. Police through out history have been known to target those in society deemed unworthy. But what they deemed unworthy is often bias and rife with stereotypes. Sex workers are not exempt from being marginalized; especially sex workers who are trans, black and poor. One of the running themes in class discussion was systems or institutions that use their power to keep those marginalized and oppressed. Starting with the introduction of Round House we got see of bit of colonizer history and how that patriarchy control that was used on Native Americans still exists today.

I will be using my Wiki articles and class readings in another context I would use this to write a research paper. We have a paper that is due for our final and I am going to incorporate all I have read on to four pages. The focus point will be how systems of institutions operate to keep systems of oppression in place. Each reading although set in its own time has the same theme marginalizing those that don’t fit into society’s social construct.

Sources Cited :

Parr, S. (n.d.). Reflections on Liberation. In Readings for diversity and social justice (4th ed., p. 604).

We live in an ableist world. The world was not designed for people with disabilities. I can attest to that fact because my big sister is severely disabled and I see how hard it is to navigate the world as I am her care taker part time. I am my sister’s ally in this ableist world. What does it mean to be an ally? In the reading Becoming an Ally it is define as “being a supportive of other people who are different than you.” Evans, Washington. That the support is flexible so that it does not define a person as a whole. Being an ally is being able to meet the person where there at listening and not making assumptions.

As I stated earlier the world we live in an ableist world. In the reading Recognizing Ableist Beliefs and Practices the authors articulate that ableism is a form of oppression that is pervasive in our society. That in order to combat ableism we need allies. Those allies are abled bodied people like myself advocating for those who have disabilities to have accessibility in the world we live in. For example an ally can be a white person speaking out against racism against minorities or men calling out sexism. An ally helps facilitate social change and is agent against oppression targeting certain groups. An ally is someone comes from a group that has advantages and privileges that those is a marginalized group does not have. “Challenging ableism truly requires that we recognize how this oppression is manifested on the individual, institutional, and cultural levels of engagement.” (pg 541) People need to be reevaluating their perceptions and stereotypical responses when it comes to people with disabilities.

Students with disabilities have a hard time navigating institutional support in college. The reason for this is because it is a complicated bureaucracy that is less supportive than what they had in high school. I wonder why that it is? You would think that educational institutions would be up to date on accessibility for their disabled students. In reading 105 several students spoke of their frustrations on how hard it has been to navigate their education. Often times those students don’t have accommodations that are supportive to their learning and their environment. Their first year of college is often the most stressful time for a student who has disabilities as they are trying to figure out what their needs are and often times those needs are not meet because the school is not equip to support a student who is disabled. Some of the ideas that are being implemented to make accessibility a lot easier for disabled students is creating space for these students. One suggestion was creating safe zones where students could go talk to a counselor about their needs as well as place where they can relax and be themselves. As well as getting the resources they need.

People with disabilities are often targets of violence and discrimination which can be equated to racism. How so? in the reading 103 they touch on this subject and why they came to that conclusion. They spoke of the lynching of James Bryd Jr. Not only was he black but he was also disabled and the press brushed that over until Davis wrote an op-ed discussing the intersections of race and disability. The fact that his disability was not accounted as a hate crime did not go unnoticed. Davis discloses that ” Could race be equated with disability, whether the history of lynching and slavery could be meaningful equated with occasional violence against people with disabilities.” (pg 494) Race was consider a factor and disability as an after thought and disability is hardly an after thought or a minor category. 16 % of Americans live with a disability; which comprises a minority group with high rates of abuse. Disabled women are raped at higher rates than non disabled women. People with disabilities report that they are harassed on a daily bases by the public or by private institutions. Society has accepted that we are a racist society but has not accepted that we are an ableist society. Through out history disability has been ignored. The two intersect and ableism needs to be taken seriously.

There has been an increasing emphasis on human and civil rights in the United States starting in the era of World War 2. Minorities and women have been speaking and advocating for their rights to gain the privileges, freedoms, and rights guaranteed for all Americans by the Constitution. While that was accomplished other marginalized groups still struggled. Although the Civil Rights Movement of the 60s resulted in legislation that was designed to bar discrimination based on sex, race, and national origins. This did not include prohibition of discrimination based on physical and/or mental disabilities. It was not until 1972 that they included a bill that prohibited discrimination based on physical or mental disability. It was not too long ago that disability was finally recognized as a minority status. It was not until the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that they were consider a “class” of people. This lack of concern by congress is attributed to ignorance, knowledge, and the lack of input from people with disabilities. These bills were done without their input it was more like business as usual pass a bill to appease the masses but with no thought of how it can be implemented.

“Becoming allies means helping each other.” (pg 637) Sometimes that can be hard; standing up to what is right and just when the world is set in a certain way, Becoming an ally exposes you to a strangers wounds. People who engage in alliance they work together by being good allies to each other. When doing alliance work it is important to announce who you are. For example I am an Afro-Latina cisgender woman. One must situate themselves and state what their stance is on particular issues. Allies may also challenge your position it is another way to see if you are trust worthy enough to do this work. The biggest risk of of forming allies is betrayal. Anzaldua speaks of her personal experience. She felt really good being part of the Lesbian community even though it was all white. She realized that due to being Chicana her voice was not heard. That her white counter parts were heard because of their white privilege. She felt they only saw the queer part if her while ignoring her race. She knew that her sexuality and race intersected and needed her counterparts to recognized that. By bringing her race and culture to the conversation in a room full of white people she becomes the educator where that gap of knowledge can be bridged. I also want to note that it is also up to the ally to do the research to bridge that gap of knowledge. Patty Burns from SinsInvalid has done a lot of work in regards to disability justice. Her advocacy work is to make the world accessible for disabled people. As well as bringing more visibility to disabled people; that they have the right to live a normal life just like anyone else that is abled bodied. That the world we live in must include a disability lens.

Sources Cited:

Adams, Maurianne, et al., editors. Readings for Diversity and Social Justice. 3 edition, Routledge, 2013. 115. Recognizing Ableist Beliefs and Practices and Taking Action as an Ally” (Madeline Peters, et al.)

105. Students with Disabilities Frustrated with Ignorance and Lack of Services (Allie Grasgreen)

103. Go to the Margins of the Class: Disability and Hate Crimes (Lennard Davis)

96. Struggle for Freedom: Disability Rights Movement (Willie Bryan)

90. Becoming an Ally (Nancy Evans and Jamie Washington)

136. Allies (Gloria Anzaldua)

Violence against Black people is represented in media and is used as a signifier, and seen as entertainment. It is not entertainment and it plays into the stereotypes that people have about Black people and that is problematic to find joy in others standing in society.

In the reading Grand Theft Auto:V Post Racial Fantasies And Freguson Realities discusses society’s sick fascination with seeing injustices against black people as fun and games that is harmless. Leonard goes on to discussed RockStars games in relation to race. That Grand Theft Auto games have marginalized characters that depict real life social injustices that black people face on a daily bases when dealing with police. There is a level of detachment and denial within White America about racism. For example Leonard articulated that “RockStar released a game that has been defined as ” ghettocentric games”, where White kids can fulfill their insatiable desires to become Black, to experience the danger of “ghetto life.” Pg 130 This just another way to devaluing Black life. These games traffic in anti-black stereotypes which creates a world of finding pleasure in black death, sexual violence, that rips inner city communities. That is not entertainment. One of the characters in Grand Theft Auto is black marginalized in the game compare to the other characters. Every time he comes into contact with police just walking by he gets shot. I find it funny that the company denies that there is bias in the game when quite clearly they are using real life situations that involve black people. “The nature of race in the 21st century America (and its entrenched racism and sexism) is on full display here. GTA:V anf the entire Grand Theft Auto franchise, alongside of the video game industry as a whole, has relied on hegemonic anti-Black stereotypes as the anchor of its virtual playgrounds. According to Lisa Nakamura (2002), new media, with its circulation of “cybertypes,” “propagates, disseminates, and commodifies images of race and racism” (p.3). White pleasure derived from the dehumanization of black bodies and spaces put into video games to make a profit.

Despite the fact that video games are not real games like Grand Theft Auto depict real life instances of social injustices. Its hard not to think that these games are not being connected to the affirming of White privilege. Especially when you look at the depictions of race and gender. Even the women are depicted as hypersexualized skanks that black women are not humans but sexual play toys. Sexism and racism is rife in the gamer community and these games justifies that community’s stereotyped views about black people. Denial of racism from companies that produce these games is just as loud as it is in the real world rejecting it with the notion of playing the “Race Card.”

Sources cited: Leonard , D. J. (n.d.). Grand Theft Auto V: Post Racial Fantasies And Ferguson Realities. In The intersectional Internet: race, sex, class and culture online (Vol. 105 , pp. 130–142). Noble & Tynes EDS.

Wikipedia’s policies encourages writers to avoid gender terms like he and her when talking about someone within in a Wikipedia article. This practice is good to use because the past the default was he or him which was applied to everyone and that is generalizing. Wikipedia is asking for people that are contributing and writing to be as specific as possible when describing people. “Use the most specific terminology available. If someone is of Ethiopian descent, describe them as “Ethiopian”, not “African.” For example I am from the Dominican Republic so you would refer to me as Dominican. Another example is assuming that everyone who speaks “Spanish” as being “Mexican” not everyone who speaks Spanish is Mexican. There are people that come from other places in the world where they speak Spanish. That is generalizing all Spanish speakers. It is also important to also not focus on gender it is best to identify who is being discussed unless these details are important to the article. The goal of this policy is to push for more inclusiveness and diversity within Wikipedia. Because as we learned earlier in class Wikipedia is male dominated.

Wikipedia’s guidelines and policies work to avoid to contributing to stereotypes when discussing women, minorities,and marginalized groups. When writing about women one must make sure that the content is not using sexist language that promotes sexism. I also wanted to point out that male is not the default. Refrain from assuming that. Always use gender neutral language. “Avoid langue that make the male the “self” and the female the “other.” (“Wikipedia”, 2019). According to Wikipedia the editor who specify a gender in their preferences was 115,941 (16.7%) were female and 576,106 were male as of 13 June 2019. (“Wikipedia”, 2019). These statics are not surprising because as we learned earlier is class Wikipedia is male dominated.

The Failed Proposal in Wikipedia is a guideline for dealing with issues labeling people and organizations within in articles. That one must label in way that is not offensive or going against the wishes of those involved with the article. It is good etiquette and avoids any editorial conflicts per Wikipedia.

Sources Cited:

Wikipedia:Gender-neutral language. (2019a). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Gender-neutral_language&oldid=908035673

Wikipedia:Manual of Style. (2019b). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style&oldid=923575615

Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Identity (failed proposal). (2019c). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Identity_(failed_proposal)&oldid=878962548

Wikipedia:Neutral point of view. (2019d). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view&oldid=913713064

Wikipedia:Neutral point of view. (2019e). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view&oldid=913713064Wikipedia:Writing about women. (2019f). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Writing_about_women&oldid=914269931

How does US media and entertainment represent cool? How do we code beauty, rebellion, urbanness, sexuality, (in)civility strength, weakness, and resistance to institutional rules and regulation?

The US Media, entertainment, and social media has a big hand on what is consider cool and culturally appropriate. Which often times is rife with stereotypes of groups of people that society thinks is real and true. What US media thinks is cool is very narrow minded and not inclusive. White opinions are what are matter and is consider the norm. Which is often use to marginalize people who don’t fit into the social construct of is considered cool or beautiful and as we all know the standard is whiteness.

Blogging is another form of social media and entertainment. Blogging for the longest time as early research shows was centered on the experiences of Western White men. (pg 73) Steele In the reading “Signifyin: Bitching, and Blogging: Black Women and Resistance Discourse Online the author Steele discusses how “A Black feminist epistemology centralizes the conversations of Black women that occur in settings that are often excluded as valid by academic researchers.” (pg 73) Steele This research that was done examines how the online gossip of black women is used to contribute to discourse of resistance . As” Audre Lorde (1984) writes that black female writers manage “the external manifestations of racism and sexism with results of those distortions internalized within our consciousness of ourselves and one another” (p. 147). This study found out that gossip can decimate information to keep people in the loop of information; that it is a connection between woman sharing information and being united by an appreciation by that media text. This analysis suggests that black women use these blogs to “talk back” ( hooks, 1988) to the systems and structures from which they are excluded or within which they are exploited.” Black Feminist Epistemology was developed to bring attention to the multiple oppression that black women face. Since White feminist only focused on the oppression of gender while ignoring the issues that race, class, and sexuality bring.

intro: ” Every child in America deserves a world-class education – especially in science and technology… we also need folks who are studying the arts because our film industry … tells our story and helps us to find what’s our common humanity.” President Obama. I agree that every child deserves a chance regardless of who they are and where they come from. His quote means to me that what he described is another way to bring people together to show we are all humans. That he recognizes the immense power that these mediums have. To go in even deeper in chapter 14 “Education, Representation, and Resistance: Black Girls in Popular Instagram Meme Tanksley discusses how social media is impressionable and powerful to teenagers. That Social media can be used as a tool to circulate oppressive views about certain groups of people. The circulation of racist and sexist media has grown with the internet. “With the advent of the Internet, ideological investments in “post -racialism” require new forms of racial common sense (Omi &Winant, 1994) and interrogations of how the invisibility of Whiteness (Daniels, 2013) serves to limit our understanding of the interesectional nature of race and gender in social media engagement.” (pg 244) Tanksley

In the reading section The Landscape of (mis) Representations and Black Girl Resistance Tanksley discusses the consumption of social media and the misrepresentations of black girls. From Vine videos to podcasts to blogs the social media landscape is virtually saturated with demeaning images of black womanhood (hooks, 1996; Richardson, 2007; Stephens & Few, 2007). ” I agree with this statement as I stayed away from all social media because of how it was affecting my image of myself as a Afro-latina woman. I just now got instagram to keep on touch to do some activism in regards to sex work and women of color. Often times social media misrepresents black women as hyper-sexual, hyper-aggressive, and stupid. As well as slut shaming them, calling them hoes , gold diggers and baby mamas I hate the last term with a passion. I feel it is just another way to degrade a black woman and white society has adopted this racist moniker as true. “In resistance to many of the mass and online media depictions of Black girl/ womanhood, Black girls have created and circulated memes as a means of resistance. These memes, which consist of text written over images as a form of social critique, address sexism, racism, colorism, and multiple forms of aggression against Black girls.” (pg 248) Tanksley

In reading 8 Roberts discussed that social media platforms are empty vessels that need user generated uploads to fuel visits. That companies use these platforms even though its not their specialty. This is what a CCM is which is an acronym for Commercial Content Moderation. ” CCM is not an industry but rather a series of practices with shared characteristics that take place in a variety of worksites (e.g., in-house at large tech firms; online via microlabor websites such as Amazon Mechanical Turk.)” (pg 147). Basically workers are dispersed all around the world, work in secret by low status workers earning low wages; which they review day and night. One of the things that I found interesting was the piece on Doing A Good Job In The CCM World. That while the internet is rife with racist, homophobic, and sexist content that CCM flag inappropriate content and remove it from the site so that users don’t see it. To go in even further America has a long history of racialized and racist material as humor in which the punchline degrades and degenerates marginalized groups. “The participatory Internet, perhaps once seen as a potential site of escape from racist tropes or sexism and misogyny (Light, 1995) embedded in American Popular culture, has largely failed to deliver on foregrounding mass critical engagement with these issues at all.” (pg151) Roberts

Sources cited:

Roberts , S. T. (n.d.). Commercial Content Moderation: Digital Laborers’ Dirty Work . In The intersectional Internet: race, sex, class and culture online (Vol. 105, pp. 147–161). Noble & Tynes EDS.Steele, C. K. (n.d.). Signifyin; Bitching and Blogging: Black Women and Resistance Discourse Online . In The Intersectional Internet: Race, Sex, Class, and Culture Online. New edition edition, (Vol. 105 , pp. 73–95). Noble & Tynes EDS.Tanksley, T. C. (n.d.). Education, Representation, and Resistance: Black Girls in Popular Instagram Memes . In The Intersectional Internet: Race, Sex, Class, and Culture Online. New edition edition, (Vol. 105, pp. 243–269). Noble & Tynes EDS.

Indigenous people in the United States went through a systemic marginalization since colonizers came to their lands. Where they endured displacement, violence and discrimination. Which goes far back since when the United States first began a treaty between the government and the Natives. The Treaty with the Delawares of 1778 was one of the first treaties signed. “The Dawes Act of 1887 was a United States post-Indian Wars law intended to assimilate Indians into white U.S. society by encouraging them to abandon their tribally-owned reservation lands, along with their cultural and social traditions.” Longely Look at the political implications of this treaty; of the introduction of this act shows another reason as to why it was constructed specifically to undermine tribal unity. This treaty was designed to marginalized, to force assimilation, and another way to steal land from the Natives. This treaty was presented with that if tribes gave up their lands they would be granted U.S. citizenship. By granting them U.S. citizenship the hope was to keep them quite by granted them tribal government. In the end this treaty did nothing but destroyed their culture with the; loss of indigenous tradition and land across the U.S. It destroyed tribal communities and tried to pit our Natives against each other. Picotte As well as forcing children into bordering schools where they were abused and mistreated. On June 18, 1934 President Roosevelt signed the Indian Reorganization Act (also called the Wheeler-Howard Act ). Which reverses the U. S. policy favoring Native assimilation the Dawes act. This became the basis for United States policies that recognizes the rights of self-determination for Native Americans. “The law curtails the land allotment system, permits tribes to establish formal governments with limited powers, and allows the formation of corporations to manage tribal resources.” Wilma

The new deal was nicknamed the Indian new deal. This was passed to rectify what the United States did to Native Americans. This was used to build upon the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 which granted citizenship to the remaining indigenous people. Again as I stated earlier this treaty was designed to fix the issues and right the wrongs from the treaty of 1887. The Merium Survey that was conducted captured the extreme poverty on Indian reservations demonstrated the failure of this policy and assimilation. Wilma Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana the creator of the policy upheld the long-standing U. S.government policy of assimilating American Indians into the dominant populace. As a Progressive, he believed the “Indian Reorganization” bill he introduced in Congress in 1934 to permit limited self-government for reservation communities would assist Native Americans in becoming prosperous, self-sufficient members of the United States political economy. Wheeler was a populist with progressive leanings; who built a reputation as a defender of individual rights over the corruption of vested interests. He was addressing the relationship between American Indians and the federal government, Wheeler advocated a policy of limited welfare combined with education and health provisions to help full-blooded Indigenous people assimilate among their non-Indian neighbors with minimal government involvement.

Till this day Native Americans are other, marginalized, discriminated against, murdered and raped even though they are the natural citizens of the United States. For example in the 2018 elections the supreme court made it difficult for Natives to cast a vote. The law is requiring that voters must present a qualifying ID in order to cast a ballot. A State issued ID card isn’t valid unless it contains the voter’s current residential street address. This requirement is not fair and burdens Native Americans, plaintiffs in the case pointed out,  many do not have residential addresses; they have their mail delivered to a post office box rather than to a physical address. This is voter suppression at its finest many Natives live on reservations which make it impossible to have a physical address. Although Indigenous people have been marginalized one thing that needs to be discussed more is violence against Native women. Which is often over looked and dismissed. “Native girls and women are more likely than average to be the victim of a violent crime.” Edwards. For many generations Native women have been victimized at some point in their lives. The criminal justice system still fails to protect these women, and with that comes the crisis of disappearing Native women. Native women go missing at higher rates than other groups of people. They are also at a higher risk for domestic violence and sexual assault. In the past decade, activists came to the government which responded to the problem of violence against Native American women with legislation seeking to close legal loopholes, improve data collection and increase funding for training of tribal police. Hudetz In a 2017 a report was generated by the Inspector General which highlighted the U.S. attorneys’ uneven track record with prosecuting serious violent crimes on reservations. That data must be collected under the 2010 law to help improve those prosecution rates. Native Americans have always been murdered and the violence Native Women faced in the past is factor in today’s violence against Native Women. What is congress doing about this issue? Right now there are seven States that have a task force to address the needs to make lives safer for Native Americans. These experiences that Native women have has prompted activists to advocate for more reforms that protect Native women.

In the reading The Round House Louise Erdrich touched upon the subject and interweaves of the narrative of Native American tribal law, treaty history and land dislocation with that of sexual violence. By interweaving and highlighting a Native’s family story. ” For years our people have struggled to resist an unstoppable array of greedy and unstable beings, Our army has been reduced to a few desperate warriors and we are all but weaponless and starving. We taste the nearness of defeat.” (pg 111) Through out the reading they discuss the issues the tribe faces as well as Joe’s mother who experienced a violent attack. Within this story you get a glance at what their lives look like.

Cited Sources:

Baur , R., & Thurman, P. J. (2004). Violence Against Native Women. Social Justice , 31, 70–86.Edwards, M. (2019, July 23). 7 States Step Up Efforts To Fight Violence Against Indigenous Women. Retrieved October 24, 2019, from https://www.npr.org/2019/07/23/743659569/7-states-step-up-efforts-to-fight-violence-against-indigenous-women.Erdrich, L. (2017). The round house. New York: HarperCollins Publisher.HistoryLink.org. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2019, from https://www.historylink.org/File/2599.Hudetz, M. (2018, September 5). Despite past reforms, Native women face high rates of crime. Retrieved from https://www.apnews.com/316529000f3c44988969ab22acfb34d7.Hudetz, M. (2018, September 5). Despite past reforms, Native women face high rates of crime. Retrieved October 24, 2019, from https://www.apnews.com/316529000f3c44988969ab22acfb34d7.Longley, R. (2019, June 25). Dawes Act of 1887: The Breakup of Indian Tribal Lands. Retrieved October 24, 2019, from https://www.thoughtco.com/dawes-act-4690679.Stoddart , W. M. (1996). Who’s Deal . Burton K. Wheller and The Indian Reorganization Act .

Social systems of power have impacted online spaces, which causes lateral violence in social justice movements. In the reading Digital Intersectionality Theory the authors discussed the ways social systems of power have impacted online spaces. In chapter 2 of The intersectional Internet the authors discussed how a white male academic who identify as “male feminist” attacked women of color for the work they do; while their white feminists counter parts turn a blind eye. Daniels How can they call themselves feminist? When one of their own contributors is involved in racist online attacks. Writer and pop culture analyst Mikki Kendall grew frustrated by the inaction of the white feminists that she created a hash tag #SolidarityIsForWhiteWomen. Which made white feminists and activist lash out at Kendell. Kendell was merely calling out that one of their own who does feminist work as being problematic. Instead of admonishing the male she got the blow back. These are some of the ways that white feminist refuse to acknowledge their role in implicit whiteness. In the early days of the internet people thought they could escape the confines of gender and race. They were wrong. “Race and racism persist online, both in ways that are new and unique to the internet and alongside vestiges of centuries -old forms that reverberate significantly both offline and on. (Brock, 2006, 2009; Daniels, 2009, 2013).

Daniels did three case studies one of them was a book by FB chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg. Her book was widely discussed online by feminist bloggers. Her book Lean In is not just a book it is an online campaign. Sandberg discussed how women should assert themselves in work spaces that are dominated by males. That women are limiting themselves. Her book is problematic in several ways. She fails to account for race. Yes we are all women but our race dictates how we navigate in certain spaces. Her book is more for middle, upper class white women. What she articulates is liberal feminism that intersects with white privilege, class, colonialism and heteronormativity. She speaks about marriage in terms of cis-gender no mention of gay or lesbian relationships. As I stated before there is no mentions of women of color. Leaning in will look different to women who are not white. (pg46) Daniels

Crenshaw writes”The failure of feminism to interrogate race means that the resistance strategies of feminism will often replicate and reinforce the subornation of people of color.” (Crenshaw, 1991, p.1252)

Sources:

Noble, S. U., & Tynes, B. M. (2016). The intersectional Internet: race, sex, class and culture online. New York (N.Y.): Peter Lang.

Week 1

Social Construct, Wikipedia and plagiarism

For this weeks reading that I chose to summarized “The Social Construction of Difference.” I chose it because I can identify with the reading. Author Johnson discusses Americas social construct of gender, race, class, and sexuality. One interesting point that struck out to me that was made by the late James Baldwin an African American novelist assertion that there is no such thing as whiteness. “No one is white before he/she came to America he wrote. It took generations and a vast amount of coercion, before this became white country.” Baldwin Which brings me to another point being made a woman in Africa considers herself African and has never experienced white racism. That is until she comes to the United States. Where privilege, skin color and race is socially constructed. Because she has dark skin she isn’t seen as African in the United states she is black. I identify with that as someone who is brown people assume I am just black. Johnson further goes on to discusses the mechanisms of privilege and difference and what that looks like. Why is the word privilege such a loaded word for white people. People get upset when it is pointed out that they have privileges that other groups don’t get. He also discuss the varying ways privilege shows up daily. Some people do benefit from white privileges. For example a straight black woman can talk freely about her life her husband and marriage. This is a form of heterosexual privilege someone who is LGBTQ can not talk freely about their relationships like someone who is heterosexual it can put them in danger. I am brown but I have heterosexual privilege.

Sources: 1) Adams, Maurianne, et al., editors. Readings for Diversity and Social Justice. 3 edition, Routledge, 2013.

Wikipedia Summary Avoiding Plagiarism

In your doing research and writing an essay for school one must be very careful to not plagiarized someone else’s work. Plagiarism can get you banned from Wikipedia if you are not careful. Plagiarism can show up in many ways. One of them is where you copy text and don’t credit the author. Another form of plagiarism which is something I found surprising. Copying text word for word and citing it is still consider plagiarism. But what I found out is that in academia the rules are not as strict with Wikipedia. Also don’t close paraphrase even when it is cited. If you are going to paraphrase use your words and ideas. When you find information on Wikipedia you should put it in your own words. When in doubt always cite.

Cited sources: Zúñiga text according to Wikipedia guidelines for avoiding plagiarism (Links to an external site.).

Week 3

Posts

Posted on October 20, 2019Edit “Wikipedia and class readings”

Wikipedia and class readings

For this weeks reading I decided on to blog about Ch 64. Feminism: A Movement to End Sexist Oppression. (bell hooks ) I chose this reading because it highlighted the ways certain forms for feminism have contributed to many forms of oppression. It asks the important question what does equality look like for everyone. Not everyone gets the same equality; that depending on your gender, race, class and sexuality it dictates how society will treat you.

Not everyone is treated equally in that is why it is important to include an intersectionality view. The authors discussed people’s views on what feminism means and why it is a disservice to lump everyone has the same. “Most people in the United States think of feminism or the more commonly used term ” women’s lib” as a movement. that aims to make women the social equals of men. This broad definition, popularized by the media and mainstream segments of the movement raises problematic questions. Since men are not equals to white supremacist, capitalist’ patriarchal class, structure, which men do women want to be equal to? Do women share a common vision of what equality means?” Hooks (pg 360) The simple broad definition dismisses the factors of race, class, gender, and sexuality as I stated earlier before. White women are not quick to call attention to race because they were not being affected by racism. While women who were non-white and lower social class, did not benefit from the women’s liberation movement. They were seeing in their every day lives how the men in their family were oppressed. The factors need to be address in order for all to be equal.

I was not surprised that some women have a hard time calling themselves feminist. I was the same way due to its history. Like those before me that did this work. I did not want to be associated with a movement that had racists undertones. I saw it mainly as a white women’s movement. It was not until I got to college I understood what feminist meant. I thought; just like in the reading that its “anything goes”. In the reading this form of feminism is defined as apolitical in nature and tone. Most liberal women find this form of feminism to be appeasing which romanticizes the notion of personal freedom; which is a more acceptable than a definition that emphasizes radical political action. (pg 361) Hooks

Sources cited: Adams, M., Blumenfeld, W. J., Catalano, D. C. J., DeJong, K. “S., Hackman, H., Hopkins, L. E., … Zúñiga Ximena. (2018). Readings for diversity and social justice (4th ). New York: Routledge.

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