Describe the process of peer review to someone who does not frequently read scientific articles. In your response, consider the pros and cons of peer review and how that might impact the credibility of the results that come from that scientific article.
“Peer Review” refers to the process of critiquing a scientific article before its formal publication in a academic journal. This is required for an article or study to be considered accurate and genuine. Generally, the article is viewed by other professionals in the field. The editors carry out many important functions, such as ensuring that the author used accurate and up to date information, that the study was carried out following the scientific method and is replicable, and that data was correctly analyzed and was not used to make false or untrue claims.
Once the editors have completed their analysis of the paper, it is returned to the original author who then reviews any critiques or suggested changes . Once the author has finished the editing, the paper is returned to the editors for a final review. If the paper is deemed accurate and well executed, it may be published.
As with any system, the peer review process has a mix of benefits and drawbacks but is a pivotal process in ensuring the information available is accurate to the best of our knowledge. On such drawback of the system is the innate presence of bias. For instance, in any professional field there is competition. Where competition exists, so do rivalries. Therefore the process is subject to the opinion and prejudice of the reviewer(s). Which is why it is beneficial to have the material reviewed by several professionals, preferably from different backgrounds..
A major benefit of the system, however, is the expertise that is inferred whenever a piece holds the title of “peer reviewed.” This tag allows those who cite the source, or just use it to improve their knowledge of a topic to feel confident in the authenticity of the information.
