{"id":1154,"date":"2025-08-09T21:36:08","date_gmt":"2025-08-09T21:36:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/technosphere\/?p=1154"},"modified":"2025-08-18T20:52:43","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T20:52:43","slug":"a-sad-day-for-earth-system-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/technosphere\/2025\/08\/09\/a-sad-day-for-earth-system-science\/","title":{"rendered":"A Sad Day for Earth System Science"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">David P. Turner \/ August 9, 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/3635\/files\/2025\/08\/oco2-1024x576.png\" alt=\"OCO-2 satellite\" class=\"wp-image-1156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/3635\/files\/2025\/08\/oco2-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/3635\/files\/2025\/08\/oco2-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/3635\/files\/2025\/08\/oco2-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/3635\/files\/2025\/08\/oco2-500x281.png 500w, https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/3635\/files\/2025\/08\/oco2.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Trump administration recently directed NASA to draw up plans to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iflscience.com\/this-is-illegal-nasa-reportedly-ordered-to-destroy-important-oco-satellite-80280\">terminate the Orbital Carbon Observatory (OCO) missions<\/a><a><\/a>.&nbsp; The move is consistent with a general trend in this administration to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eenews.net\/articles\/how-trumps-assault-on-science-is-blinding-america-to-climate-change\/\">defund science efforts related to climate change<\/a>.&nbsp; Since the OCO missions aim to understand spatial and temporal patterns in carbon (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) exchange between Earth\u2019s surface and the atmosphere \u2013 and CO<sub>2<\/sub> is a greenhouse gas \u2013 the OCO missions are in the administration\u2019s crosshairs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The key sensor on an OCO platform (either a satellite or the International Space Station) is a spectrometer that records reflected sunlight in specific narrow wavebands.&nbsp; That information is used to <a href=\"https:\/\/ocov2.jpl.nasa.gov\/\">estimate the abundance of CO<sub>2<\/sub> in a column of air extending from the surface to the top of the atmosphere<\/a>.&nbsp; These data are used in a process called <a href=\"https:\/\/acp.copernicus.org\/articles\/22\/1097\/2022\/acp-22-1097-2022.html\">inverse flux modeling<\/a> to infer sources and sinks of CO<sub>2<\/sub> on Earth\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Inverse modeling is a mathematician\u2019s dream.&nbsp; For the inversion, a simulation model of the atmosphere is constructed by partitioning the atmosphere into a massive number of cells.&nbsp; The circulation of the atmosphere is then simulated, and in each time step, energy and mass (including CO<sub>2<\/sub>) are passed among the cells. &nbsp;The model starts out with rough estimates of these fluxes, then uses the observations of actual CO<sub>2<\/sub> concentrations observed by the OCO sensor to gradually refine the initial (\u201cprior\u201d) flux estimates.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of particular interest are regional estimates for 1) fossil fuel emissions, and 2) carbon uptake by the biosphere.&nbsp; The fossil fuel emissions estimates are especially relevant to verifying the Paris Accord reporting by each nation of their carbon emissions.&nbsp; The estimates of biosphere carbon sinks can help with land use management to maximize carbon uptake, hence offsetting fossil fuel emissions.&nbsp; Inversion-based flux estimates can also be used to validate the Earth system models that project long-term impacts of the technosphere and the biosphere on the global carbon cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An additional capability of the OCO spectrometer is to monitor <a href=\"https:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/news\/2860\/nasas-oco-3-measures-how-plants-grow-and-glow\/\">fluorescence emissions associated with photosynthesis<\/a>.&nbsp; These data are inputs to simulation models of global plant productivity (gross primary production), and have helped establish that global plant productivity is increasing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The engineering and modeling that came together in the OCO missions represent an extraordinary accomplishment.&nbsp; The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2025\/08\/04\/nx-s1-5453731\/nasa-carbon-dioxide-satellite-mission-threatened\">operational lifetime of these instruments would normally extend for many years<\/a>.&nbsp; <a>The sheer waste of purposely sending the OCO-2 satellite to burn up in the atmosphere is mind boggling.<\/a>&nbsp; It would be a sad day indeed for Earth System Science if that were to happen.&nbsp; Congress still officially has a say, and perhaps it will reassume its responsibilities and prevent this travesty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We are living in the Anthropocene era:\u00a0 humanity (the technosphere) is <a href=\"https:\/\/wmo.int\/publication-series\/state-of-global-climate-2024\">clearly impacting all aspects of the Earth system<\/a>, including the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere.\u00a0 We have the capability and a responsibility to monitor and manage those human impacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deliberately blinding scientists, prognosticators, and politicians to global scale carbon dynamics does not bode well for the human prospect on Earth.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>David P. Turner \/ August 9, 2025 Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech The Trump administration recently directed NASA to draw up plans to terminate the Orbital Carbon Observatory (OCO) missions.&nbsp; The move is consistent with a general trend in this administration to defund &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/technosphere\/2025\/08\/09\/a-sad-day-for-earth-system-science\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9521,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1393950,1394304,1394305,1393934,97135,1394093,1394303,1394301,1394298,1394299,1394300,1394302,1389001],"class_list":["post-1154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-anthropocene","tag-carbon","tag-carbon-sources-and-sinks","tag-climate-change","tag-earth-system-science","tag-fossil-fuel-emissions","tag-inverse-flux-monitoring","tag-nasa","tag-oco","tag-oco-mission","tag-orbital-carbon-observatory","tag-photosynthesis","tag-technosphere"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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