The basic skills learned in this introductory graduate-level geographic information science course have already proved useful in my job as a Fish & Wildlife Biologist. I have already improved in using a GIS as a tool in my production of map layouts and area calculations for Biological Opinions and advising on ways for projects to avoid adverse impacts to species and their habitats. With the term project of compiling annotated bibliographies, it is readily apparent that GIScience is integral to other sciences.