{"id":200,"date":"2017-10-21T14:46:46","date_gmt":"2017-10-21T21:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/?p=200"},"modified":"2017-10-23T08:34:00","modified_gmt":"2017-10-23T15:34:00","slug":"opec2017","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/2017\/10\/21\/opec2017\/","title":{"rendered":"Rising rural poverty in Oregon"},"content":{"rendered":"

Here we post the Stata code and results for the talk “What\u2019s behind Oregon’s rising rural child poverty? Changing economies and families.” delivered at the 2017 Oregon Parenting Education Collaborative Conference.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Analysis for the OPEC 2017 Conference<\/h1>\n

David Rothwell<\/h1>\n

October 19; Bend OR<\/p>\n

Abstract. The rural child poverty rate in Oregon rose from 19% (2000) to 27% (2014). Changes in the economy, family structure, and social policy contribute to child poverty. In comparison to urban places, rural family structures have changed more rapidly (Lichter & Schafft, 2016). Further, rural Oregon communities have transformed away from extractive economies (e.g. timber). These social and economic changes have a strong impact on family relations. We use repeated cross-sectional data from the U.S. Census and American community survey 1980-2015 (n=533,596) to describe and explain how the changing economy and family have contributed to the rise in Oregon’s rural child poverty rate.<\/p>\n

Description of the sample<\/h2>\n

Data is from the ACS at the IPUMS USA<\/a><\/p>\n

Data notes<\/h2>\n

Work family codes<\/strong> WFF refers to a method by Waldfogel (2009) which groups children into households by the amount of parents present in the home and the number of parents employed. The five categories include: Two parents both working, One parent working, Two parents one working, One parent not working, Two parents not working.<\/p>\n

The WFF variable has 7.85% missing data. The number of missing increases over time, from a low in 1980 of 5.98% to a high in 2015 of 11.19%. This occurs because children are living in households headed by people that are not parents, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other adults.<\/p>\n

Rural identification<\/strong> We use the metro variable and assume that only those identifiable nonmetro areas are rural. For rural area 1990, we use the metaread variable to assign respondents to rural (non-metro status).<\/p>\n

Poverty across all years<\/h4>\n
  .<\/span>  quietly<\/span> svyset<\/span> [<\/span>pweight=<\/span>perwt]<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> tabout povstat wff yr [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> using<\/span> sens1.<\/span>txt<\/span>,<\/span> c<\/span>(<\/span>col<\/span>)<\/span> f<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> c<\/span>\r\nlab<\/span>(%)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       ptotal(none) svy oneway replace \r\n      \r\n      Survey results being calculated\r\n      ----+--- 1 ---+--- 2 ---+--- 3 ---+--- 4 ---+--- 5 <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> .................<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Table output written to: sens1.txt\r\n      \r\n              %\r\n      povstat \r\n      0       0.864\r\n      1       0.136\r\n      \r\n      waldfogel five family structure: numparents and work    \r\n      two parents both work   0.415\r\n      single parent who works 0.146\r\n      two parents, 1 works    0.320\r\n      single parent not work  0.072\r\n      two parent neither works        0.047\r\n      \r\n      RECODE of year (Census year)    \r\n      1980    0.131\r\n      1990    0.141\r\n      2000    0.170\r\n      2005    0.177\r\n      2010    0.187\r\n      2015    0.195\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
Child poverty across all years<\/h4>\n
  .<\/span>  tabout povstat if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> using<\/span> sens2.<\/span>txt<\/span>,<\/span>  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       c(col) f(3) clab(%) ptotal(none) svy replace \r\n      \r\n      Survey results being calculated\r\n      ----+--- 1 ---+--- 2 ---+--- 3 ---+--- 4 ---+--- 5 <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> .....<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Table output written to: sens2.txt\r\n      \r\n      povstat %\r\n      0       0.824\r\n      1       0.176\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
Research question 1: What is the child poverty rate in Oregon over time?<\/h2>\n
  .<\/span>  tabout yr if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> using<\/span> sens3.<\/span>txt<\/span>,<\/span>  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       c(mean povstat) f(3) clab(%) ptotal(none) svy sum replace \r\n      \r\n      Survey results being calculated\r\n      ----+--- 1 ---+--- 2 ---+--- 3 ---+--- 4 ---+--- 5 <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> .........<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Table output written to: sens3.txt\r\n      \r\n      RECODE of year (Census year)    %\r\n      1980    0.127\r\n      1990    0.159\r\n      2000    0.152\r\n      2005    0.197\r\n      2010    0.191\r\n      2015    0.223\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
Figure 1: Child poverty rate in Oregon over time<\/h2>\n
  .<\/span>  use<\/span> ACS1980_2015_s2,<\/span> clear<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> tabstat povstat [<\/span>w=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span>,<\/span> by<\/span>(<\/span>yr)<\/span> save<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (analytic weights assumed)\r\n      \r\n      Summary for variables: povstat\r\n           by categories of: yr (RECODE of year (Census year))\r\n      \r\n          yr |      mean\r\n      -------+----------\r\n        1980 |  .1272064\r\n        1990 |  .1590949\r\n        2000 |  .1518539\r\n        2005 |   .196506\r\n        2010 |  .1910055\r\n        2015 |  .2226117\r\n      -------+----------\r\n       Total |  .1764346\r\n      ------------------\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> tabstatmat<\/span> povmat<\/pre>\n
      povmat[7,1]\r\n                    povstat\r\n       1980:mean  .12720643\r\n       1990:mean  .15909493\r\n       2000:mean  .15185385\r\n       2005:mean  .19650604\r\n       2010:mean  .19100546\r\n       2015:mean  .22261172\r\n      Total:mean  .17643462\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> gen<\/span> orpov =<\/span> .<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (863,654 missing values generated)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> orpov =<\/span> povmat[<\/span>6<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> if<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>2015<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (196,487 real changes made)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> orpov =<\/span> povmat[<\/span>5<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> if<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>2010<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (187,051 real changes made)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> orpov =<\/span> povmat[<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> if<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>2005<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (35,485 real changes made)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> orpov =<\/span> povmat[<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> if<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>2000<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (171,666 real changes made)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> orpov =<\/span> povmat[<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> if<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>1990<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (140,984 real changes made)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> orpov =<\/span> povmat[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> if<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>1980<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (131,981 real changes made)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> collapse<\/span> (<\/span>mean)<\/span> povstat [<\/span>w=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span>,<\/span> by<\/span>(<\/span>year<\/span> rrmetro or\r\npov)<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (analytic weights assumed)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> twoway<\/span> (<\/span>line orpov year<\/span>,<\/span> lpattern<\/span>(<\/span>dash_dot)),<\/span> title<\/span>(<\/span>\"Child Pove<\/span>\r\nrty in Oregon\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       note(\"Source: Census ACS from IPUMS.org\") ytitle(\"Poverty rate\") \/\/\/\r\n       legend( order(1 \"rural\" 2 \"urban\" 3 \"Oregon\") rows(1)) xlabel(1980(5)2015) \/\/\/\r\n       ylabel(.1(.05).3)\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> save<\/span> fig1opec,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (file fig1opec.gph saved)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig1opec.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (file fig1opec.png written in PNG format)\r\n     \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/h1>\n
\n
Figure 1. Oregon child poverty over time<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Research question 2: What is the child poverty rate in rural Oregon over time?<\/h2>\n
  .<\/span>  twoway<\/span> (<\/span>line povstat year<\/span> if<\/span> rrmetro==<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> (<\/span>line povstat year<\/span> if<\/span>\r\n rrmetro==<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       (line orpov year, lpattern(dash_dot)), title(\"Child Poverty in Oregon\") \/\/\/\r\n       note(\"Source: Census ACS from IPUMS.org\") ytitle(\"Poverty rate\") \/\/\/\r\n       legend( order(1 \"rural\" 2 \"metro\" 3 \"Oregon\") rows(1)) xlabel(1980(5)2015)\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> save<\/span> fig2opec,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (file fig2opec.gph saved)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig2opec.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (file fig2opec.png written in PNG format)\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Figure 2. Oregon child poverty over time across metro status<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Research question 3: What is the distribution of child poverty in rural Oregon<\/h2>\n
over time?<\/p>\n
  .<\/span>  use<\/span> ACS1980_2015_s2,<\/span> clear<\/span><\/pre>\n
.<\/span> bysort rrmetro:<\/span> tabstat povstat [<\/span>w=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span>,<\/span> by<\/span>(<\/span>yr)<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          -><\/span> rrmetro =<\/span> 0<\/span>\r\n          (<\/span>analytic weights assumed)<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          Summary for<\/span> variables:<\/span> povstat\r\n               by<\/span> categories of:<\/span> yr<\/span> (<\/span>RECODE of year<\/span> (<\/span>Census year<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n          \r\n              yr |<\/span>      mean\r\n          -------+----------<\/span>\r\n            1980<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1187548<\/span>\r\n            1990<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1421516<\/span>\r\n            2000<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1405495<\/span>\r\n            2005<\/span> |<\/span>   .<\/span>185134<\/span>\r\n            2010<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1795117<\/span>\r\n            2015<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>2122366<\/span>\r\n          -------+----------<\/span>\r\n           Total |<\/span>  .<\/span>1662067<\/span>\r\n          ------------------<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          -><\/span> rrmetro =<\/span> 1<\/span>\r\n          (<\/span>analytic weights assumed)<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          Summary for<\/span> variables:<\/span> povstat\r\n               by<\/span> categories of:<\/span> yr<\/span> (<\/span>RECODE of year<\/span> (<\/span>Census year<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n          \r\n              yr |<\/span>      mean\r\n          -------+----------<\/span>\r\n            1980<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1415216<\/span>\r\n            1990<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1886461<\/span>\r\n            2000<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1831441<\/span>\r\n            2005<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>2287697<\/span>\r\n            2010<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>2263143<\/span>\r\n            2015<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>2563507<\/span>\r\n          -------+----------<\/span>\r\n           Total |<\/span>  .<\/span>1961558<\/span>\r\n          ------------------<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          -><\/span> rrmetro =<\/span> 8<\/span>\r\n          (<\/span>analytic weights assumed)<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          Summary for<\/span> variables:<\/span> povstat\r\n               by<\/span> categories of:<\/span> yr<\/span> (<\/span>RECODE of year<\/span> (<\/span>Census year<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n          \r\n              yr |<\/span>      mean\r\n          -------+----------<\/span>\r\n            1980<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1350975<\/span>\r\n            2000<\/span> |<\/span>   .<\/span>165318<\/span>\r\n            2005<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>2129021<\/span>\r\n            2010<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>2013138<\/span>\r\n            2015<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>2404916<\/span>\r\n          -------+----------<\/span>\r\n           Total |<\/span>  .<\/span>2046406<\/span>\r\n          ------------------<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> bysort year<\/span>:<\/span> fre povstatc [<\/span>w=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> rrmetro==<\/span>1<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>frequency weights assumed)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      -><\/span> year<\/span> =<\/span> 1980<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      povstatc\r\n      --------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n                                   |<\/span>      Freq.<\/span>    Percent      Valid       Cum.<\/span>\r\n      -----------------------------+--------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      Valid   1<\/span> deep poor 1<\/span>\/<\/span>50<\/span>     |<\/span>      13280<\/span>       5.30<\/span>       5.35<\/span>       5.35<\/span>\r\n              2<\/span> poor 50<\/span>\/<\/span>99<\/span>         |<\/span>      21320<\/span>       8.51<\/span>       8.59<\/span>      13.94<\/span>\r\n              3<\/span> low-<\/span>income 100<\/span>\/<\/span>199<\/span> |<\/span>      58660<\/span>      23.42<\/span>      23.64<\/span>      37.58<\/span>\r\n              4<\/span> middle inc 200<\/span>\/<\/span>399<\/span> |<\/span>     115260<\/span>      46.01<\/span>      46.45<\/span>      84.03<\/span>\r\n              5<\/span> upper<\/span> inc 400<\/span>\/<\/span>max<\/span>  |<\/span>      39640<\/span>      15.82<\/span>      15.97<\/span>     100.00<\/span>\r\n              Total                |<\/span>     248160<\/span>      99.07<\/span>     100.00<\/span>           \r\n      Missing .<\/span>                    |<\/span>       2340<\/span>       0.93<\/span>                      \r\n      Total                        |<\/span>     250500<\/span>     100.00<\/span>                      \r\n      --------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      -><\/span> year<\/span> =<\/span> 1990<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      povstatc\r\n      --------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n                                   |<\/span>      Freq.<\/span>    Percent      Valid       Cum.<\/span>\r\n      -----------------------------+--------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      Valid   1<\/span> deep poor 1<\/span>\/<\/span>50<\/span>     |<\/span>      20613<\/span>       7.86<\/span>       7.95<\/span>       7.95<\/span>\r\n              2<\/span> poor 50<\/span>\/<\/span>99<\/span>         |<\/span>      27478<\/span>      10.48<\/span>      10.60<\/span>      18.54<\/span>\r\n              3<\/span> low-<\/span>income 100<\/span>\/<\/span>199<\/span> |<\/span>      67146<\/span>      25.60<\/span>      25.89<\/span>      44.43<\/span>\r\n              4<\/span> middle inc 200<\/span>\/<\/span>399<\/span> |<\/span>     105426<\/span>      40.19<\/span>      40.65<\/span>      85.08<\/span>\r\n              5<\/span> upper<\/span> inc 400<\/span>\/<\/span>max<\/span>  |<\/span>      38685<\/span>      14.75<\/span>      14.92<\/span>     100.00<\/span>\r\n              Total                |<\/span>     259348<\/span>      98.88<\/span>     100.00<\/span>           \r\n      Missing .<\/span>                    |<\/span>       2940<\/span>       1.12<\/span>                      \r\n      Total                        |<\/span>     262288<\/span>     100.00<\/span>                      \r\n      --------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      -><\/span> year<\/span> =<\/span> 2000<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      povstatc\r\n      --------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n                                   |<\/span>      Freq.<\/span>    Percent      Valid       Cum.<\/span>\r\n      -----------------------------+--------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      Valid   1<\/span> deep poor 1<\/span>\/<\/span>50<\/span>     |<\/span>      14236<\/span>       7.97<\/span>       8.09<\/span>       8.09<\/span>\r\n              2<\/span> poor 50<\/span>\/<\/span>99<\/span>         |<\/span>      17657<\/span>       9.89<\/span>      10.03<\/span>      18.12<\/span>\r\n              3<\/span> low-<\/span>income 100<\/span>\/<\/span>199<\/span> |<\/span>      49714<\/span>      27.83<\/span>      28.25<\/span>      46.37<\/span>\r\n              4<\/span> middle inc 200<\/span>\/<\/span>399<\/span> |<\/span>      65432<\/span>      36.63<\/span>      37.18<\/span>      83.55<\/span>\r\n              5<\/span> upper<\/span> inc 400<\/span>\/<\/span>max<\/span>  |<\/span>      28959<\/span>      16.21<\/span>      16.45<\/span>     100.00<\/span>\r\n              Total                |<\/span>     175998<\/span>      98.53<\/span>     100.00<\/span>           \r\n      Missing .<\/span>                    |<\/span>       2625<\/span>       1.47<\/span>                      \r\n      Total                        |<\/span>     178623<\/span>     100.00<\/span>                      \r\n      --------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      -><\/span> year<\/span> =<\/span> 2005<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      povstatc\r\n      --------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n                                   |<\/span>      Freq.<\/span>    Percent      Valid       Cum.<\/span>\r\n      -----------------------------+--------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      Valid   1<\/span> deep poor 1<\/span>\/<\/span>50<\/span>     |<\/span>      15107<\/span>       8.74<\/span>       8.88<\/span>       8.88<\/span>\r\n              2<\/span> poor 50<\/span>\/<\/span>99<\/span>         |<\/span>      21805<\/span>      12.62<\/span>      12.81<\/span>      21.69<\/span>\r\n              3<\/span> low-<\/span>income 100<\/span>\/<\/span>199<\/span> |<\/span>      52978<\/span>      30.65<\/span>      31.13<\/span>      52.82<\/span>\r\n              4<\/span> middle inc 200<\/span>\/<\/span>399<\/span> |<\/span>      56437<\/span>      32.66<\/span>      33.16<\/span>      85.98<\/span>\r\n              5<\/span> upper<\/span> inc 400<\/span>\/<\/span>max<\/span>  |<\/span>      23866<\/span>      13.81<\/span>      14.02<\/span>     100.00<\/span>\r\n              Total                |<\/span>     170193<\/span>      98.48<\/span>     100.00<\/span>           \r\n      Missing .<\/span>                    |<\/span>       2631<\/span>       1.52<\/span>                      \r\n      Total                        |<\/span>     172824<\/span>     100.00<\/span>                      \r\n      --------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      -><\/span> year<\/span> =<\/span> 2010<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      povstatc\r\n      --------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n                                   |<\/span>      Freq.<\/span>    Percent      Valid       Cum.<\/span>\r\n      -----------------------------+--------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      Valid   1<\/span> deep poor 1<\/span>\/<\/span>50<\/span>     |<\/span>      19236<\/span>      10.89<\/span>      11.00<\/span>      11.00<\/span>\r\n              2<\/span> poor 50<\/span>\/<\/span>99<\/span>         |<\/span>      19760<\/span>      11.19<\/span>      11.30<\/span>      22.30<\/span>\r\n              3<\/span> low-<\/span>income 100<\/span>\/<\/span>199<\/span> |<\/span>      47917<\/span>      27.13<\/span>      27.40<\/span>      49.70<\/span>\r\n              4<\/span> middle inc 200<\/span>\/<\/span>399<\/span> |<\/span>      58547<\/span>      33.14<\/span>      33.48<\/span>      83.19<\/span>\r\n              5<\/span> upper<\/span> inc 400<\/span>\/<\/span>max<\/span>  |<\/span>      29403<\/span>      16.65<\/span>      16.81<\/span>     100.00<\/span>\r\n              Total                |<\/span>     174863<\/span>      98.99<\/span>     100.00<\/span>           \r\n      Missing .<\/span>                    |<\/span>       1781<\/span>       1.01<\/span>                      \r\n      Total                        |<\/span>     176644<\/span>     100.00<\/span>                      \r\n      --------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      -><\/span> year<\/span> =<\/span> 2015<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      povstatc\r\n      --------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n                                   |<\/span>      Freq.<\/span>    Percent      Valid       Cum.<\/span>\r\n      -----------------------------+--------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      Valid   1<\/span> deep poor 1<\/span>\/<\/span>50<\/span>     |<\/span>      13738<\/span>      11.71<\/span>      11.86<\/span>      11.86<\/span>\r\n              2<\/span> poor 50<\/span>\/<\/span>99<\/span>         |<\/span>      15853<\/span>      13.51<\/span>      13.69<\/span>      25.55<\/span>\r\n              3<\/span> low-<\/span>income 100<\/span>\/<\/span>199<\/span> |<\/span>      32936<\/span>      28.07<\/span>      28.44<\/span>      53.99<\/span>\r\n              4<\/span> middle inc 200<\/span>\/<\/span>399<\/span> |<\/span>      39238<\/span>      33.44<\/span>      33.88<\/span>      87.87<\/span>\r\n              5<\/span> upper<\/span> inc 400<\/span>\/<\/span>max<\/span>  |<\/span>      14049<\/span>      11.97<\/span>      12.13<\/span>     100.00<\/span>\r\n              Total                |<\/span>     115814<\/span>      98.70<\/span>     100.00<\/span>           \r\n      Missing .<\/span>                    |<\/span>       1527<\/span>       1.30<\/span>                      \r\n      Total                        |<\/span>     117341<\/span>     100.00<\/span>                      \r\n      --------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span>  catplot<\/span> povstatc year<\/span> [<\/span>w=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> rrmetro==<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> percen\r\nt<\/span>(<\/span>year<\/span>)<\/span> asyvars \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       title<\/span>(<\/span>\"Distribution of rural child poverty in Oregon over time\"<\/span>)<\/span> stack<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      (<\/span>frequency weights assumed)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> save<\/span> fig3opec,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig3opec.<\/span>gph<\/span> saved)<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig3opec.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig3opec.<\/span>png written in<\/span> PNG format<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Figure 3<\/span>.<\/span> Distribution of rural child poverty<\/span> in<\/span> Oregon over time<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Changes in<\/span> income distribution<\/h2>\n
  .<\/span>  tabstat ftotinc_adj [<\/span>aw=<\/span>hhwt],<\/span> by<\/span>(<\/span>year<\/span>)<\/span> stat<\/span>(<\/span>p1 p5 p10 p25 p50\r\n p75 p90 p95 p99)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       save<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      Summary for<\/span> variables:<\/span> ftotinc_adj\r\n           by<\/span> categories of:<\/span> year<\/span> (<\/span>Census year<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n        year<\/span> |<\/span>        p1        p5       p10       p25       p50       p75       p90       p95       p99\r\n      -------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      --------<\/span>\r\n        1980<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>   8864.75<\/span>  14705.75<\/span>     30208<\/span>  55769.75<\/span>   82865.5<\/span>  115802.3<\/span>  145346.5<\/span>    221250<\/span>\r\n        1990<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>      8601<\/span>     13908<\/span>  29448.36<\/span>  54623.67<\/span>     84363<\/span>  122269.6<\/span>    153720<\/span>  274554.9<\/span>\r\n        2000<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>      8418<\/span>     15180<\/span>     32430<\/span>     59064<\/span>   96434.4<\/span>    144210<\/span>    191820<\/span>    416346<\/span>\r\n        2005<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>      6832<\/span>     12322<\/span>     28060<\/span>     54900<\/span>     92720<\/span>  140304.9<\/span>    183000<\/span>    406382<\/span>\r\n        2010<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>      6912<\/span>   13073.4<\/span>  28395.36<\/span>  55721.52<\/span>  94620.96<\/span>  143142.1<\/span>  188089.6<\/span>  360050.4<\/span>\r\n        2015<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>      6112<\/span>     12000<\/span>     26000<\/span>     53161<\/span>     92186<\/span>    142862<\/span>    193222<\/span>    380437<\/span>\r\n      -------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      --------<\/span>\r\n       Total |<\/span>         0<\/span>      7564<\/span>  13289.75<\/span>     29028<\/span>     55401<\/span>   90822.9<\/span>  136201.5<\/span>  178282.2<\/span>    361428<\/span>\r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      --------<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> matrix<\/span> b2015 =<\/span>  r<\/span>(<\/span>Stat6)<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> matrix<\/span> b1980 =<\/span>  r<\/span>(<\/span>Stat1)<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> matrix<\/span> dtime =<\/span> b2015-<\/span>b1980<\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> svmat<\/span> dtime,<\/span> names<\/span>(<\/span>oregonincd)<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> tabstat ftotinc_adj [<\/span>aw=<\/span>hhwt]<\/span> if<\/span> rrmetro==<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> by<\/span>(<\/span>year<\/span>)<\/span> stat<\/span>(<\/span>p1 p<\/span>\r\n5<\/span> p10 p25 p50 p75 \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       p90 p95 p99)<\/span> save<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      Summary for<\/span> variables:<\/span> ftotinc_adj\r\n           by<\/span> categories of:<\/span> year<\/span> (<\/span>Census year<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n        year<\/span> |<\/span>        p1        p5       p10       p25       p50       p75       p90       p95       p99\r\n      -------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      --------<\/span>\r\n        1980<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>   8540.25<\/span>  14174.75<\/span>  28600.25<\/span>  51669.25<\/span>  76744.25<\/span>    105964<\/span>  132764.8<\/span>    221250<\/span>\r\n        1990<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>   8097.75<\/span>     12810<\/span>     26535<\/span>  49100.73<\/span>   76237.8<\/span>  108579.4<\/span>    135420<\/span>  227018.8<\/span>\r\n        2000<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>      8280<\/span>     13800<\/span>     27876<\/span>     50094<\/span>     81420<\/span>    118680<\/span>    154560<\/span>    333960<\/span>\r\n        2005<\/span> |<\/span>       244<\/span>      8296<\/span>     13176<\/span>     27267<\/span>     48800<\/span>     76494<\/span>    111020<\/span>    143960<\/span>    274500<\/span>\r\n        2010<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>    7041.6<\/span>  12493.44<\/span>     25920<\/span>  49062.24<\/span>  82939.68<\/span>  121076.6<\/span>  155364.5<\/span>  321579.7<\/span>\r\n        2015<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>      6297<\/span>     11013<\/span>     23978<\/span>     45753<\/span>     77052<\/span>    109603<\/span>    138435<\/span>    285900<\/span>\r\n      -------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      --------<\/span>\r\n       Total |<\/span>         0<\/span>   7947.69<\/span>  12965.25<\/span>     26800<\/span>     49410<\/span>     78246<\/span>  111966.8<\/span>  142912.8<\/span>    259860<\/span>\r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      --------<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> matrix<\/span> b2015nm =<\/span>  r<\/span>(<\/span>Stat6)<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> matrix<\/span> b1980nm =<\/span>  r<\/span>(<\/span>Stat1)<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> matrix<\/span> dtimenm =<\/span> b2015nm-<\/span>b1980nm<\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> svmat<\/span> dtimenm,<\/span> names<\/span>(<\/span>oregonincdnm)<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> tabstat ftotinc_adj [<\/span>aw=<\/span>hhwt]<\/span> if<\/span> rrmetro==<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> by<\/span>(<\/span>year<\/span>)<\/span> stat<\/span>(<\/span>p1 p<\/span>\r\n5<\/span> p10 p25 p50 p75 \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       p90 p95 p99)<\/span> save<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      Summary for<\/span> variables:<\/span> ftotinc_adj\r\n           by<\/span> categories of:<\/span> year<\/span> (<\/span>Census year<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n        year<\/span> |<\/span>        p1        p5       p10       p25       p50       p75       p90       p95       p99\r\n      -------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      --------<\/span>\r\n        1980<\/span> |<\/span>    191.75<\/span>   8894.25<\/span>  14764.75<\/span>   31476.5<\/span>  57923.25<\/span>   86405.5<\/span>  120905.8<\/span>  150479.5<\/span>    221250<\/span>\r\n        1990<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>   8945.04<\/span>  14735.16<\/span>     31659<\/span>     57279<\/span>     89121<\/span>    129198<\/span>    162870<\/span>    311100<\/span>\r\n        2000<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>      8832<\/span>     16284<\/span>   34486.2<\/span>     62100<\/span>    101154<\/span>    153180<\/span>  205868.4<\/span>    424626<\/span>\r\n        2005<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>    6575.8<\/span>     12322<\/span>     29280<\/span>     58743<\/span>     98942<\/span>    149816<\/span>    198860<\/span>    421144<\/span>\r\n        2010<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>    7009.2<\/span>   13235.4<\/span>  29530.44<\/span>     58320<\/span>  99537.12<\/span>  152039.2<\/span>  200333.5<\/span>  370272.6<\/span>\r\n        2015<\/span> |<\/span>         0<\/span>      6410<\/span>     12285<\/span>     27190<\/span>     56500<\/span>     98200<\/span>    152630<\/span>    206000<\/span>    393480<\/span>\r\n      -------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      --------<\/span>\r\n       Total |<\/span>         0<\/span>      7686<\/span>     13725<\/span>  30297.24<\/span>     58560<\/span>   96049.8<\/span>    144914<\/span>    191296<\/span>    389848<\/span>\r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n      --------<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> matrix<\/span> b2015m =<\/span>  r<\/span>(<\/span>Stat6)<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> matrix<\/span> b1980m =<\/span>  r<\/span>(<\/span>Stat1)<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> matrix<\/span> dtimem =<\/span> b2015m-<\/span>b1980m<\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> svmat<\/span> dtimem,<\/span> names<\/span>(<\/span>oregonincdm)<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> matrix<\/span> yearw =<\/span> (<\/span>01<\/span>\\<\/span>05<\/span>\\<\/span>10<\/span>\\<\/span>25<\/span>\\<\/span>50<\/span>\\<\/span>75<\/span>\\<\/span>90<\/span>\\<\/span>95<\/span>\\<\/span>99<\/span>)<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> svmat<\/span> yearw<\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> tostring yearw,<\/span> generate<\/span>(<\/span>percentilec)<\/span><\/pre>\n
      percentilec generated as<\/span> str2\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> gen<\/span> pcent =<\/span> \"\"<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>863<\/span>,<\/span>654<\/span> missing<\/span> values<\/span> generated)<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> pcent =<\/span> percentilec if<\/span> yearw><\/span>5<\/span><\/pre>\n
      variable pcent was str1 now str2\r\n      (<\/span>863<\/span>,<\/span>652<\/span> real<\/span> changes made)<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> pcent =<\/span> \"01\"<\/span> if<\/span> yearw ==<\/span> 1<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>1<\/span> real<\/span> change made)<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> pcent =<\/span> \"05\"<\/span> if<\/span> yearw ==<\/span> 5<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>1<\/span> real<\/span> change made)<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span>  graph<\/span> bar<\/span>  oregonincd1 if<\/span> oregonincd1!=.,<\/span> over<\/span>(<\/span>pcent)<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> bar<\/span>  oregonincdnm1 if<\/span> oregonincdnm1!=.,<\/span> over<\/span>(<\/span>pcent)<\/span> ylabe\r\nl<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>(<\/span>50000<\/span>)<\/span>200000<\/span>)<\/span>  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       subtitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"nonmetro\"<\/span>)<\/span> ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"Change in dollars\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> bar<\/span>  oregonincdm1 if<\/span> oregonincdm1!=.,<\/span> over<\/span>(<\/span>pcent)<\/span> ylabel<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n0<\/span>(<\/span>50000<\/span>)<\/span>200000<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       subtitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"metro\"<\/span>)<\/span> ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"Change in dollars\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> combine fig4bopec.<\/span>gph<\/span> fig4copec.<\/span>gph<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       title<\/span>(<\/span>\"Change in real hh income 1980-2015 percentiles\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> save<\/span> fig4opec,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig4opec.<\/span>gph<\/span> saved)<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig4opec.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig4opec.<\/span>png written in<\/span> PNG format<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Figure 4<\/span>.<\/span> Change in hh income 1980-2015<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Focus on rural Oregon<\/h2>\n
  .<\/span>  quietly<\/span> svyset<\/span> [<\/span>pweight=<\/span>perwt]<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> keep<\/span> if<\/span> rrmetro ==<\/span>1<\/span> \/\/keep only rural <\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>634<\/span>,<\/span>023<\/span> observations deleted)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
What is family–<\/span>work structure of all children in<\/span> 2015<\/span>?<\/span><\/h2>\n
Using the Waldfogel<\/span> (<\/span>2009<\/span>)<\/span> five category<\/p>\n
  .<\/span>  tabout wff yr using<\/span> sens4.<\/span>txt<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       c<\/span>(<\/span>col<\/span>)<\/span> f<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> clab<\/span>(%)<\/span> ptotal<\/span>(<\/span>none)<\/span> svy replace<\/span> \r\n      \r\n      Survey results being calculated\r\n      ----+---<\/span> 1<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 2<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 3<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 4<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 5<\/span> <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> ......<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Table output written to:<\/span> sens4.<\/span>txt<\/span>\r\n      \r\n              RECODE of year<\/span> (<\/span>Census year<\/span>)<\/span>                                            \r\n      waldfogel five family structure:<\/span> numparents and work    1980<\/span>    1990<\/span>    2000<\/span>    2005<\/span>    2010<\/span>    2015<\/span>    Total\r\n              %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>\r\n      two parents both work   0.333<\/span>   0.444<\/span>   0.446<\/span>   0.423<\/span>   0.427<\/span>   0.385<\/span>   0.409<\/span>\r\n      single parent who works 0.093<\/span>   0.111<\/span>   0.136<\/span>   0.153<\/span>   0.152<\/span>   0.157<\/span>   0.129<\/span>\r\n      two parents,<\/span> 1<\/span> works    0.440<\/span>   0.328<\/span>   0.294<\/span>   0.288<\/span>   0.273<\/span>   0.296<\/span>   0.328<\/span>\r\n      single parent not work  0.061<\/span>   0.065<\/span>   0.066<\/span>   0.070<\/span>   0.088<\/span>   0.101<\/span>   0.072<\/span>\r\n      two parent neither works        0.073<\/span>   0.052<\/span>   0.059<\/span>   0.066<\/span>   0.060<\/span>   0.061<\/span>   0.062<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
What is rural family–<\/span>work structure of children in<\/span> 2015<\/span>?<\/span><\/h2>\n
Using the Waldfogel<\/span> (<\/span>2009<\/span>)<\/span> five category<\/p>\n
  .<\/span>  catplot<\/span> wff [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>1980<\/span>,<\/span> percent<\/span> asyvars\r\n vertical  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"Percent\"<\/span>)<\/span>  \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       title<\/span>(<\/span>\"Family-work structure demographics 1980\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       subtitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       note<\/span>(<\/span>\"Source: IPUMS ACS\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       ysize<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> blabel<\/span>(<\/span>bar<\/span>,<\/span> format<\/span>(%<\/span>9<\/span>.<\/span>1f))<\/span> bargap<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> save<\/span> fig5aopec,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig5aopec.<\/span>gph<\/span> saved)<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span>  catplot<\/span>  wff [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>2015<\/span>,<\/span> percent<\/span> asyvar\r\ns<\/span> vertical  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"Percent\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       title<\/span>(<\/span>\"Family-work structure demographics 2015\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       subtitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       note<\/span>(<\/span>\"Source: IPUMS ACS\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       ysize<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> blabel<\/span>(<\/span>bar<\/span>,<\/span> format<\/span>(%<\/span>9<\/span>.<\/span>1f))<\/span> bargap<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> save<\/span> fig5bopec,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig5bopec.<\/span>gph<\/span> saved)<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> gr<\/span> combine fig5aopec.<\/span>gph<\/span> fig5bopec.<\/span>gph<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig5opec.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig5opec.<\/span>png written in<\/span> PNG format<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
 <\/p>\n
Figure 5a.<\/span> rural family–<\/span>work structure in<\/span> 1980<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
 <\/p>\n
Figure 5b.<\/span> rural family–<\/span>work structure in<\/span> 2015<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Figure 5<\/span>.<\/span> rural family–<\/span>work structure across time<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
What is rural family–<\/span>work structure of children across poverty<\/span> in<\/span> 1980<\/span>?<\/span><\/h2>\n
Using the Waldfogel<\/span> (<\/span>2009<\/span>)<\/span> five category<\/p>\n
  .<\/span>  catplot<\/span> povstatcate wff [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>1980<\/span> ,<\/span> pe\r\nrcent<\/span>(<\/span>povstatcate)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       asyvars vertical  \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"Percent\"<\/span>)<\/span> ylabel<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>(<\/span>20<\/span>)<\/span>60<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       title<\/span>(<\/span>\"Family-work structure across poverty levels 1980\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       subtitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       note<\/span>(<\/span>\"Source: IPUMS ACS\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       ysize<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> blabel<\/span>(<\/span>bar<\/span>,<\/span> format<\/span>(%<\/span>9<\/span>.<\/span>1f))<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> save<\/span> fig6aopec,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig6aopec.<\/span>gph<\/span> saved)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
What is rural family–<\/span>work structure of children across poverty<\/span> in<\/span> 2015<\/span>?<\/span><\/h2>\n
Using the Waldfogel<\/span> (<\/span>2009<\/span>)<\/span> five category<\/p>\n
  .<\/span>  catplot<\/span>  povstatcate wff [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>2015<\/span>,<\/span> pe\r\nrcent<\/span>(<\/span>povstatcate)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       asyvars vertical  \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"Percent\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       title<\/span>(<\/span>\"Family-work structure across poverty levels 2015\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       subtitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       note<\/span>(<\/span>\"Source: IPUMS ACS\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       ysize<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> blabel<\/span>(<\/span>bar<\/span>,<\/span> format<\/span>(%<\/span>9<\/span>.<\/span>1f))<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> save<\/span> fig6bopec,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig6bopec.<\/span>gph<\/span> saved)<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> combine fig6aopec.<\/span>gph<\/span> fig6bopec.<\/span>gph<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig6opec.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig6opec.<\/span>png written in<\/span> PNG format<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
 <\/p>\n
Figure 6a.<\/span> rural family–<\/span>work poverty<\/span> structure across poverty<\/span> in<\/span> 1980<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
 <\/p>\n
Figure 6b.<\/span> rural family–<\/span>work structure across poverty<\/span> in<\/span> 2015<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Figure 6<\/span>.<\/span> rural family–<\/span>work structure across poverty<\/span> across time<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
What is rural poverty<\/span> rates across family–<\/span>work structure over time?<\/span><\/h2>\n
  .<\/span>  tabout wff year<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> using<\/span> sens6.<\/span>txt<\/span>,<\/span>  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       c<\/span>(<\/span>mean povstat)<\/span> f<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> clab<\/span>(%)<\/span> ptotal<\/span>(<\/span>none)<\/span> svy sum<\/span> replace<\/span> \r\n      \r\n      Survey results being calculated\r\n      ----+---<\/span> 1<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 2<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 3<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 4<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 5<\/span> <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> ...........<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Table output written to:<\/span> sens6.<\/span>txt<\/span>\r\n      \r\n              Census year<\/span>                                             \r\n      waldfogel five family structure:<\/span> numparents and work    1980<\/span>    1990<\/span>    2000<\/span>    2005<\/span>    2010<\/span>    2015<\/span>    Total\r\n              %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>\r\n      two parents both work   0.043<\/span>   0.061<\/span>   0.072<\/span>   0.099<\/span>   0.075<\/span>   0.107<\/span>   0.072<\/span>\r\n      single parent who works 0.264<\/span>   0.315<\/span>   0.275<\/span>   0.374<\/span>   0.342<\/span>   0.313<\/span>   0.316<\/span>\r\n      two parents,<\/span> 1<\/span> works    0.089<\/span>   0.178<\/span>   0.191<\/span>   0.244<\/span>   0.222<\/span>   0.269<\/span>   0.176<\/span>\r\n      single parent not work  0.644<\/span>   0.770<\/span>   0.656<\/span>   0.600<\/span>   0.711<\/span>   0.775<\/span>   0.694<\/span>\r\n      two parent neither works        0.269<\/span>   0.516<\/span>   0.398<\/span>   0.523<\/span>   0.699<\/span>   0.591<\/span>   0.457<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
Figure 7<\/span>:<\/span> Child poverty<\/span> rates by<\/span> WFF for<\/span> 1980<\/span> and 2015<\/span>.<\/span><\/h4>\n
  .<\/span>  graph<\/span> bar<\/span> (<\/span>mean)<\/span> povstat [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> yr!=<\/span>1<\/span> &<\/span>yr!=<\/span>2<\/span> &<\/span>\r\n yr!=<\/span>3<\/span> &<\/span> yr!=<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> over<\/span>(<\/span>wff,<\/span> label<\/span>(<\/span>angle<\/span>(<\/span>forty_five)<\/span> labsize<\/span>(<\/span>small)))<\/span> by<\/span>(<\/span>yr)<\/span><\/pre>\n
Prelim analysis of hh<\/span> income over time<\/h4>\n
The End<\/h2>\n
  .<\/span>  quietly<\/span> log<\/span> close<\/span><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Here we post the Stata code and results for the talk “What\u2019s behind Oregon’s rising rural child poverty? Changing economies and families.” delivered at the 2017 Oregon Parenting Education Collaborative Conference.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7575,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[1163504,1163503],"class_list":["post-200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-child-poverty","tag-opec"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/s7jXrQ-opec2017","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7575"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=200"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200\/revisions\/210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=200"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=200"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}