{"id":160,"date":"2017-04-19T21:39:03","date_gmt":"2017-04-20T04:39:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/?p=160"},"modified":"2017-05-17T11:04:30","modified_gmt":"2017-05-17T18:04:30","slug":"2017-nwcfr-presentations-rural-child-poverty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/2017\/04\/19\/2017-nwcfr-presentations-rural-child-poverty\/","title":{"rendered":"2017 NWCFR presentations on rural child poverty"},"content":{"rendered":"

Here we post the Stata code for the talk Family [work] structure and the rise in Oregon’s rural child poverty rate<\/em>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

19 Apr 2017<\/span><\/p>\n

Analysis for the NWCFR conference<\/h1>\n

NWCFR 2017 Conference<\/a> April 20-21; Portland OR<\/p>\n

Abstract. The rural child poverty rate in Oregon rose from 19% (2000) to 27% (2014). Changes in the economy, family structure, and social policy contribute to child poverty. In comparison to urban places, rural family structures have changed more rapidly (Lichter & Schafft, 2016). Further, rural Oregon communities have transformed away from extractive economies (e.g. timber). These social and economic changes have a strong impact on family relations. We use repeated cross-sectional data from the U.S. Census and American community survey 1980-2015 (n=533,596) to describe and explain how the changing economy and family have contributed to the rise in Oregon’s rural child poverty rate.<\/p>\n

Description of the sample<\/h2>\n

Data is from the ACS at the IPUMS USA<\/a><\/p>\n

Data notes<\/h2>\n

WFF refers to a method by Waldfogel (2009) which groups children into households by the amount of parents present in the home and the number of parents employed. The five categories include: Two parents both working, One parent working, Two parents one working, One parent not working, Two parents not working.<\/p>\n

The WFF variable has 7.85% missing data. The number of missing increases over time, from a low in 1980 of 5.98% to a high in 2015 of 11.19%. This occurs because children are living in households headed by people that are not parents, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other adults.<\/p>\n

For rural area 1990, we use the metaread variable to assign respondents to rural (non-metro status).<\/p>\n

All years<\/h4>\n
  .<\/span>  quietly<\/span> svyset<\/span> [<\/span>pweight=<\/span>perwt]<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> tabout povstat sex hhedu wff immigrant irace yr [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> usin\r\ng<\/span> table01.<\/span>txt<\/span>,<\/span> c<\/span>(<\/span>col<\/span>)<\/span> f<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> clab<\/span>(%)<\/span> ptotal<\/span>(<\/span>none)<\/span> svy oneway<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Survey results being calculated\r\n      ----+--- 1 ---+--- 2 ---+--- 3 ---+--- 4 ---+--- 5 <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> .........................................<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Table output written to: table01.txt\r\n      \r\n              %\r\n      povstat \r\n      0       0.863\r\n      1       0.137\r\n      \r\n      Sex     \r\n      Male    0.494\r\n      Female  0.506\r\n      \r\n      Family head education   \r\n      HS or Less      0.448\r\n      Some College\/AA 0.278\r\n      BA+     0.273\r\n      \r\n      waldfogel five family structure: numparents and work    \r\n      two parents both work   0.387\r\n      single parent who works 0.184\r\n      two parents, 1 works    0.295\r\n      single parent not work  0.089\r\n      two parent neither works        0.045\r\n      \r\n      RECODE of citizen (Citizenship status)  \r\n      Non-immigrant   0.919\r\n      immigrant       0.081\r\n      \r\n      Race    \r\n      White   0.881\r\n      Non-White       0.119\r\n      \r\n      RECODE of year (Census year)    \r\n      1980    0.130\r\n      1990    0.139\r\n      2000    0.168\r\n      2005    0.175\r\n      2010    0.189\r\n      2015    0.198\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
Summary across years<\/h4>\n
  .<\/span>  tabout povstat sex hhedu wff immigrant irace yr if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> usin\r\ng<\/span> table02.<\/span>txt<\/span>,<\/span>  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       c(col) f(3) clab(%) ptotal(none) svy replace \r\n      \r\n      Survey results being calculated\r\n      ----+--- 1 ---+--- 2 ---+--- 3 ---+--- 4 ---+--- 5 <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> .........................................<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Table output written to: table02.txt\r\n      \r\n              RECODE of year (Census year)                                            \r\n              1980    1990    2000    2005    2010    2015    Total\r\n              %       %       %       %       %       %       %\r\n      povstat                                                 \r\n      0       0.873   0.840   0.852   0.809   0.781   0.793   0.823\r\n      1       0.127   0.160   0.148   0.191   0.219   0.207   0.177\r\n      \r\n      Sex                                                     \r\n      Male    0.512   0.508   0.513   0.513   0.518   0.512   0.513\r\n      Female  0.488   0.492   0.487   0.487   0.482   0.488   0.487\r\n      \r\n      Family head education                                                   \r\n      HS or Less      0.546   0.391   0.492   0.472   0.431   0.397   0.454\r\n      Some College\/AA 0.239   0.369   0.259   0.260   0.287   0.274   0.280\r\n      BA+     0.214   0.240   0.249   0.268   0.281   0.328   0.265\r\n      \r\n      waldfogel five family structure: numparents and work                                                    \r\n      two parents both work   0.354   0.453   0.435   0.376   0.369   0.418   0.400\r\n      single parent who works 0.104   0.148   0.181   0.201   0.206   0.225   0.180\r\n      two parents, 1 works    0.436   0.308   0.294   0.315   0.290   0.270   0.317\r\n      single parent not work  0.056   0.064   0.056   0.078   0.099   0.066   0.071\r\n      two parent neither works        0.050   0.027   0.034   0.029   0.036   0.021   0.033\r\n      \r\n      RECODE of citizen (Citizenship status)                                                  \r\n      Non-immigrant   0.983   0.981   0.955   0.949   0.964   0.973   0.967\r\n      immigrant       0.017   0.019   0.045   0.051   0.036   0.027   0.033\r\n      \r\n      Race                                                    \r\n      White   0.946   0.905   0.815   0.820   0.789   0.797   0.841\r\n      Non-White       0.054   0.095   0.185   0.180   0.211   0.203   0.159\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
Research question 1: What is the child poverty rate in Oregon?<\/h2>\n
  .<\/span>  tabout yr if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> using<\/span> table03.<\/span>txt<\/span>,<\/span>  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       c(mean povstat) f(3) clab(%) ptotal(none) svy sum replace \r\n      \r\n      Survey results being calculated\r\n      ----+--- 1 ---+--- 2 ---+--- 3 ---+--- 4 ---+--- 5 <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> .........<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Table output written to: table03.txt\r\n      \r\n      RECODE of year (Census year)    %\r\n      1980    0.127\r\n      1990    0.160\r\n      2000    0.148\r\n      2005    0.191\r\n      2010    0.219\r\n      2015    0.207\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
Figure 1: Percent poverty across year<\/h2>\n
  .<\/span>  use<\/span> ACS1980_2015_v1,<\/span> clear<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> tabstat povstat [<\/span>w=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span>,<\/span> by<\/span>(<\/span>yr)<\/span> save<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (analytic weights assumed)\r\n      \r\n      Summary for variables: povstat\r\n           by categories of: yr (RECODE of year (Census year))\r\n      \r\n          yr |      mean\r\n      -------+----------\r\n        1980 |  .1269661\r\n        1990 |  .1599498\r\n        2000 |  .1481908\r\n        2005 |  .1909169\r\n        2010 |  .2191034\r\n        2015 |  .2069388\r\n      -------+----------\r\n       Total |  .1771858\r\n      ------------------\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> tabstatmat<\/span> povmat<\/pre>\n
      povmat[7,1]\r\n                    povstat\r\n       1980:mean  .12696614\r\n       1990:mean  .15994979\r\n       2000:mean   .1481908\r\n       2005:mean  .19091687\r\n       2010:mean  .21910338\r\n       2015:mean  .20693883\r\n      Total:mean  .17718576\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> gen<\/span> orpov =<\/span> .<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (558,572 missing values generated)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> orpov =<\/span> povmat[<\/span>6<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> if<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>2015<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (39,992 real changes made)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> orpov =<\/span> povmat[<\/span>5<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> if<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>2010<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (38,464 real changes made)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> orpov =<\/span> povmat[<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> if<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>2005<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (35,485 real changes made)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> orpov =<\/span> povmat[<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> if<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>2000<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (171,666 real changes made)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> orpov =<\/span> povmat[<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> if<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>1990<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (140,984 real changes made)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> replace<\/span> orpov =<\/span> povmat[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> if<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>1980<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (131,981 real changes made)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> collapse<\/span> (<\/span>mean)<\/span> povstat [<\/span>w=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span>,<\/span> by<\/span>(<\/span>year<\/span> rmetro orp\r\nov)<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (analytic weights assumed)\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> twoway<\/span> (<\/span>line orpov year<\/span>,<\/span> lpattern<\/span>(<\/span>dash_dot)),<\/span> title<\/span>(<\/span>\"Child Pove<\/span>\r\nrty in Oregon\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       note(\"Source: Census ACS from IPUMS.org\") ytitle(\"Poverty rate\") \/\/\/\r\n       legend( order(1 \"rural\" 2 \"urban\" 3 \"Oregon\") rows(1)) xlabel(1980(5)2015) ylabel(.1(.05).3)\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig1<\/span>.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (file fig1.png written in PNG format)\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
Fig1<\/h1>\n
\n
 <\/p>\n
Figure 1. Child poverty over time<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Research question 2: What is the child poverty rate in rural Oregon over time?<\/h2>\n
  .<\/span>  twoway<\/span> (<\/span>line povstat year<\/span> if<\/span> rmetro==<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span> (<\/span>line povstat year<\/span> if<\/span> \r\nrmetro==<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       (line orpov year, lpattern(dash_dot)), title(\"Child Poverty in Oregon\") \/\/\/\r\n       note(\"Source: Census ACS from IPUMS.org\") ytitle(\"Poverty rate\") \/\/\/\r\n       legend( order(1 \"rural\" 2 \"urban\" 3 \"Oregon\") rows(1)) xlabel(1980(5)2015)\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig2<\/span>.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (file fig2.png written in PNG format)\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
 <\/p>\n
Figure 2. Child poverty over time across metro and non-metro<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
  .<\/span>  use<\/span> ACS1980_2015_v1,<\/span> clear<\/span><\/pre>\n
.<\/span>  bysort rmetro:<\/span> tabstat povstat [<\/span>w=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span>,<\/span> by<\/span>(<\/span>yr)<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          -><\/span> rmetro =<\/span> rural\r\n          (<\/span>analytic weights assumed)<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          Summary for<\/span> variables:<\/span> povstat\r\n               by<\/span> categories of:<\/span> yr<\/span> (<\/span>RECODE of year<\/span> (<\/span>Census year<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n          \r\n              yr |<\/span>      mean\r\n          -------+----------<\/span>\r\n            1980<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1406781<\/span>\r\n            1990<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1895312<\/span>\r\n            2000<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1724134<\/span>\r\n            2005<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>2169929<\/span>\r\n            2010<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>2641961<\/span>\r\n            2015<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>2335568<\/span>\r\n          -------+----------<\/span>\r\n           Total |<\/span>  .<\/span>2013487<\/span>\r\n          ------------------<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          -><\/span> rmetro =<\/span> metro\r\n          (<\/span>analytic weights assumed)<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          Summary for<\/span> variables:<\/span> povstat\r\n               by<\/span> categories of:<\/span> yr<\/span> (<\/span>RECODE of year<\/span> (<\/span>Census year<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n          \r\n              yr |<\/span>      mean\r\n          -------+----------<\/span>\r\n            1980<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1184764<\/span>\r\n            1990<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1430002<\/span>\r\n            2000<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1375747<\/span>\r\n            2005<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1800781<\/span>\r\n            2010<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>2009082<\/span>\r\n            2015<\/span> |<\/span>  .<\/span>1962687<\/span>\r\n          -------+----------<\/span>\r\n           Total |<\/span>  .<\/span>1659759<\/span>\r\n          ------------------<\/span><\/pre>\n
.<\/span> bysort year<\/span>:<\/span> fre povstatcate [<\/span>w=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> rmetro==<\/span>0<\/span>\r\n          (<\/span>frequency weights assumed)<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          -><\/span> year<\/span> =<\/span> 1980<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          povstatcate\r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n                               |<\/span>      Freq.<\/span>    Percent      Valid       Cum.<\/span>\r\n          ---------------------+--------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          Valid   0<\/span> non-<\/span>poor   |<\/span>     173360<\/span>      62.03<\/span>      62.66<\/span>      62.66<\/span>\r\n                  1<\/span> low-<\/span>income |<\/span>      64380<\/span>      23.04<\/span>      23.27<\/span>      85.93<\/span>\r\n                  2<\/span> poor       |<\/span>      38920<\/span>      13.93<\/span>      14.07<\/span>     100.00<\/span>\r\n                  Total        |<\/span>     276660<\/span>      98.99<\/span>     100.00<\/span>           \r\n          Missing .<\/span>            |<\/span>       2820<\/span>       1.01<\/span>                      \r\n          Total                |<\/span>     279480<\/span>     100.00<\/span>                      \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          -><\/span> year<\/span> =<\/span> 1990<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          povstatcate\r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n                               |<\/span>      Freq.<\/span>    Percent      Valid       Cum.<\/span>\r\n          ---------------------+--------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          Valid   0<\/span> non-<\/span>poor   |<\/span>     143015<\/span>      54.53<\/span>      55.07<\/span>      55.07<\/span>\r\n                  1<\/span> low-<\/span>income |<\/span>      67467<\/span>      25.72<\/span>      25.98<\/span>      81.05<\/span>\r\n                  2<\/span> poor       |<\/span>      49222<\/span>      18.77<\/span>      18.95<\/span>     100.00<\/span>\r\n                  Total        |<\/span>     259704<\/span>      99.01<\/span>     100.00<\/span>           \r\n          Missing .<\/span>            |<\/span>       2584<\/span>       0.99<\/span>                      \r\n          Total                |<\/span>     262288<\/span>     100.00<\/span>                      \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          -><\/span> year<\/span> =<\/span> 2000<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          povstatcate\r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n                               |<\/span>      Freq.<\/span>    Percent      Valid       Cum.<\/span>\r\n          ---------------------+--------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          Valid   0<\/span> non-<\/span>poor   |<\/span>     142819<\/span>      55.33<\/span>      56.04<\/span>      56.04<\/span>\r\n                  1<\/span> low-<\/span>income |<\/span>      68084<\/span>      26.38<\/span>      26.72<\/span>      82.76<\/span>\r\n                  2<\/span> poor       |<\/span>      43938<\/span>      17.02<\/span>      17.24<\/span>     100.00<\/span>\r\n                  Total        |<\/span>     254841<\/span>      98.73<\/span>     100.00<\/span>           \r\n          Missing .<\/span>            |<\/span>       3269<\/span>       1.27<\/span>                      \r\n          Total                |<\/span>     258110<\/span>     100.00<\/span>                      \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          -><\/span> year<\/span> =<\/span> 2005<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          povstatcate\r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n                               |<\/span>      Freq.<\/span>    Percent      Valid       Cum.<\/span>\r\n          ---------------------+--------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          Valid   0<\/span> non-<\/span>poor   |<\/span>     123362<\/span>      49.63<\/span>      50.31<\/span>      50.31<\/span>\r\n                  1<\/span> low-<\/span>income |<\/span>      68647<\/span>      27.62<\/span>      27.99<\/span>      78.30<\/span>\r\n                  2<\/span> poor       |<\/span>      53211<\/span>      21.41<\/span>      21.70<\/span>     100.00<\/span>\r\n                  Total        |<\/span>     245220<\/span>      98.65<\/span>     100.00<\/span>           \r\n          Missing .<\/span>            |<\/span>       3357<\/span>       1.35<\/span>                      \r\n          Total                |<\/span>     248577<\/span>     100.00<\/span>                      \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          -><\/span> year<\/span> =<\/span> 2010<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          povstatcate\r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n                               |<\/span>      Freq.<\/span>    Percent      Valid       Cum.<\/span>\r\n          ---------------------+--------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          Valid   0<\/span> non-<\/span>poor   |<\/span>     112097<\/span>      44.86<\/span>      45.35<\/span>      45.35<\/span>\r\n                  1<\/span> low-<\/span>income |<\/span>      69793<\/span>      27.93<\/span>      28.23<\/span>      73.58<\/span>\r\n                  2<\/span> poor       |<\/span>      65309<\/span>      26.13<\/span>      26.42<\/span>     100.00<\/span>\r\n                  Total        |<\/span>     247199<\/span>      98.92<\/span>     100.00<\/span>           \r\n          Missing .<\/span>            |<\/span>       2700<\/span>       1.08<\/span>                      \r\n          Total                |<\/span>     249899<\/span>     100.00<\/span>                      \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          -><\/span> year<\/span> =<\/span> 2015<\/span>\r\n          \r\n          povstatcate\r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n                               |<\/span>      Freq.<\/span>    Percent      Valid       Cum.<\/span>\r\n          ---------------------+--------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n          Valid   0<\/span> non-<\/span>poor   |<\/span>     115405<\/span>      46.90<\/span>      47.31<\/span>      47.31<\/span>\r\n                  1<\/span> low-<\/span>income |<\/span>      71542<\/span>      29.07<\/span>      29.33<\/span>      76.64<\/span>\r\n                  2<\/span> poor       |<\/span>      56968<\/span>      23.15<\/span>      23.36<\/span>     100.00<\/span>\r\n                  Total        |<\/span>     243915<\/span>      99.12<\/span>     100.00<\/span>           \r\n          Missing .<\/span>            |<\/span>       2173<\/span>       0.88<\/span>                      \r\n          Total                |<\/span>     246088<\/span>     100.00<\/span>                      \r\n          ------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span>  quietly<\/span> svyset<\/span> [<\/span>pweight=<\/span>perwt]<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> keep<\/span> if<\/span> rmetro ==<\/span>0<\/span> \/\/keep only rural <\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>350<\/span>,<\/span>971<\/span> observations deleted)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
Focus on rural<\/h1>\n
What is rural family–<\/span>work structure of all children in<\/span> 2015<\/span>?<\/span><\/h2>\n
Using the Waldfogel<\/span> (<\/span>2009<\/span>)<\/span> five category<\/p>\n
  .<\/span>  tabout wff [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> yr==<\/span>5<\/span> using<\/span> table04.<\/span>txt<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       c<\/span>(<\/span>col<\/span>)<\/span> f<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> clab<\/span>(%)<\/span> ptotal<\/span>(<\/span>none)<\/span> svy oneway<\/span> replace<\/span> \r\n      \r\n      Survey results being calculated\r\n      ----+---<\/span> 1<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 2<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 3<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 4<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 5<\/span> <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> .....<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Table output written to:<\/span> table04.<\/span>txt<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      waldfogel five family structure:<\/span> numparents and work    %<\/span>\r\n      two parents both work   0.357<\/span>\r\n      single parent who works 0.224<\/span>\r\n      two parents,<\/span> 1<\/span> works    0.247<\/span>\r\n      single parent not work  0.129<\/span>\r\n      two parent neither works        0.044<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
What is rural family–<\/span>work structure of children in<\/span> 2015<\/span>?<\/span><\/h2>\n
Using the Waldfogel<\/span> (<\/span>2009<\/span>)<\/span> five category<\/p>\n
  .<\/span>  catplot<\/span>  wff [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>1980<\/span>,<\/span> percent<\/span> asyvar\r\ns<\/span> vertical  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"Percent\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       title<\/span>(<\/span>\"Family-work structure demographics 1980\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       subtitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       note<\/span>(<\/span>\"Source: IPUMS ACS\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       ysize<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> blabel<\/span>(<\/span>bar<\/span>,<\/span> format<\/span>(%<\/span>9<\/span>.<\/span>1f))<\/span> bargap<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig3<\/span>.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig3<\/span>.<\/span>png written in<\/span> PNG format<\/span>)\r\n<\/span>\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span>  catplot<\/span>  wff [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>2015<\/span>,<\/span> percent<\/span> asyvar\r\ns<\/span> vertical  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"Percent\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       title<\/span>(<\/span>\"Family-work structure demographics 2015\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       subtitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       note<\/span>(<\/span>\"Source: IPUMS ACS\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       ysize<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> blabel<\/span>(<\/span>bar<\/span>,<\/span> format<\/span>(%<\/span>9<\/span>.<\/span>1f))<\/span> bargap<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig4.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig4.<\/span>png written in<\/span> PNG format<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Figure 3<\/span>.<\/span> rural family–<\/span>work structure across poverty<\/span> in<\/span> 2015<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Figure 4<\/span>.<\/span> rural family–<\/span>work structure across poverty<\/span> in<\/span> 2015<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
What is rural family–<\/span>work structure of children across poverty<\/span> in<\/span> 1980<\/span>?<\/span><\/h2>\n
Using the Waldfogel<\/span> (<\/span>2009<\/span>)<\/span> five category<\/p>\n
  .<\/span>  catplot<\/span>  povstatcate wff [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>1980<\/span> &<\/span> r<\/span>\r\nmetro==<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> percent<\/span>(<\/span>povstatcate)<\/span> asyvars vertical  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"Percent\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       title<\/span>(<\/span>\"Family-work structure across poverty levels 1980\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       subtitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       note<\/span>(<\/span>\"Source: IPUMS ACS\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       ysize<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> blabel<\/span>(<\/span>bar<\/span>,<\/span> format<\/span>(%<\/span>9<\/span>.<\/span>1f))<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig5.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig5.<\/span>png written in<\/span> PNG format<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Figure 5<\/span>.<\/span> rural family–<\/span>work structure across poverty<\/span> in<\/span> 1980<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
What is rural family–<\/span>work structure of children across poverty<\/span> in<\/span> 2015<\/span>?<\/span><\/h2>\n
Using the Waldfogel<\/span> (<\/span>2009<\/span>)<\/span> five category<\/p>\n
  .<\/span>  catplot<\/span>  povstatcate wff [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> year<\/span>==<\/span>2015<\/span>,<\/span> pe\r\nrcent<\/span>(<\/span>povstatcate)<\/span> asyvars vertical  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"Percent\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       title<\/span>(<\/span>\"Family-work structure across poverty levels 2015\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       subtitle<\/span>(<\/span>\"\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       note<\/span>(<\/span>\"Source: IPUMS ACS\"<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span>\r\n       ysize<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> blabel<\/span>(<\/span>bar<\/span>,<\/span> format<\/span>(%<\/span>9<\/span>.<\/span>1f))<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig6.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig6.<\/span>png written in<\/span> PNG format<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Figure 6<\/span>.<\/span> rural family–<\/span>work structure across poverty<\/span> in<\/span> 2015<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
What is rural family–<\/span>work structure over time?<\/span><\/h2>\n
Using the Waldfogel<\/span> (<\/span>2009<\/span>)<\/span> five category<\/p>\n
  .<\/span>  tabout wff year<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> using<\/span> table05.<\/span>txt<\/span>,<\/span>  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       c<\/span>(<\/span>col<\/span>)<\/span> f<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> clab<\/span>(%)<\/span> ptotal<\/span>(<\/span>none)<\/span> svy replace<\/span> \r\n      \r\n      Survey results being calculated\r\n      ----+---<\/span> 1<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 2<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 3<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 4<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 5<\/span> <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> ......<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Table output written to:<\/span> table05.<\/span>txt<\/span>\r\n      \r\n              Census year<\/span>                                             \r\n      waldfogel five family structure:<\/span> numparents and work    1980<\/span>    1990<\/span>    2000<\/span>    2005<\/span>    2010<\/span>    2015<\/span>    Total\r\n              %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>\r\n      two parents both work   0.337<\/span>   0.439<\/span>   0.437<\/span>   0.389<\/span>   0.372<\/span>   0.369<\/span>   0.390<\/span>\r\n      single parent who works 0.089<\/span>   0.134<\/span>   0.186<\/span>   0.209<\/span>   0.226<\/span>   0.244<\/span>   0.178<\/span>\r\n      two parents,<\/span> 1<\/span> works    0.453<\/span>   0.321<\/span>   0.275<\/span>   0.274<\/span>   0.233<\/span>   0.268<\/span>   0.308<\/span>\r\n      single parent not work  0.054<\/span>   0.070<\/span>   0.066<\/span>   0.081<\/span>   0.127<\/span>   0.098<\/span>   0.082<\/span>\r\n      two parent neither works        0.066<\/span>   0.035<\/span>   0.037<\/span>   0.048<\/span>   0.042<\/span>   0.021<\/span>   0.042<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
What is rural poverty<\/span> rates across family–<\/span>work structure over time?<\/span><\/h2>\n
  .<\/span>  tabout wff year<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> using<\/span> table06.<\/span>txt<\/span>,<\/span>  \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
       c<\/span>(<\/span>mean povstat)<\/span> f<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> clab<\/span>(%)<\/span> ptotal<\/span>(<\/span>none)<\/span> svy sum<\/span> replace<\/span> \r\n      \r\n      Survey results being calculated\r\n      ----+---<\/span> 1<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 2<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 3<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 4<\/span> ---+---<\/span> 5<\/span> <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> ...........<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Table output written to:<\/span> table06.<\/span>txt<\/span>\r\n      \r\n              Census year<\/span>                                             \r\n      waldfogel five family structure:<\/span> numparents and work    1980<\/span>    1990<\/span>    2000<\/span>    2005<\/span>    2010<\/span>    2015<\/span>    Total\r\n              %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>       %<\/span>\r\n      two parents both work   0.044<\/span>   0.043<\/span>   0.031<\/span>   0.042<\/span>   0.035<\/span>   0.018<\/span>   0.036<\/span>\r\n      single parent who works 0.260<\/span>   0.337<\/span>   0.291<\/span>   0.379<\/span>   0.377<\/span>   0.353<\/span>   0.341<\/span>\r\n      two parents,<\/span> 1<\/span> works    0.088<\/span>   0.144<\/span>   0.140<\/span>   0.152<\/span>   0.188<\/span>   0.178<\/span>   0.139<\/span>\r\n      single parent not work  0.641<\/span>   0.795<\/span>   0.683<\/span>   0.686<\/span>   0.770<\/span>   0.833<\/span>   0.745<\/span>\r\n      two parent neither works        0.281<\/span>   0.482<\/span>   0.362<\/span>   0.558<\/span>   0.558<\/span>   0.573<\/span>   0.439<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
Figure 7<\/span>:<\/span> Child poverty<\/span> rates by<\/span> WFF for<\/span> 1980<\/span> and 2015<\/span>.<\/span><\/h4>\n
  .<\/span>  graph<\/span> bar<\/span> (<\/span>mean)<\/span> povstat [<\/span>aw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span> &<\/span> yr!=<\/span>1<\/span> &<\/span>yr!=<\/span>2<\/span> &<\/span>\r\n yr!=<\/span>3<\/span> &<\/span> yr!=<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> over<\/span>(<\/span>wff,<\/span> label<\/span>(<\/span>angle<\/span>(<\/span>forty_five)<\/span> labsize<\/span>(<\/span>small)))<\/span> by<\/span>(<\/span>yr)<\/span><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig7.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (<\/span>file fig7.<\/span>png written in<\/span> PNG format<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Child poverty<\/span> rate WFF over time 1980<\/span>,<\/span> 2015<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
.<\/span>  quietly<\/span> log<\/span> close\r\n\r\n<\/span><\/pre>\n
19 Apr 2017<\/span><\/p>\n
This file contains the regression results.<\/p>\n
Simple regression with year and wff<\/h3>\n
  .<\/span>  probit<\/span> povstat yr##wff  [<\/span>pw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -700262.69  \r\n      Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -524964.09  \r\n      Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -521387.98  \r\n      Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -521359.08  \r\n      Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -521359.07  \r\n      \r\n      Probit regression                               Number of obs     =     48,953\r\n                                                      Wald chi2(29)     =    7133.99\r\n                                                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000\r\n      Log pseudolikelihood = -521359.07               Pseudo R2         =     0.2555\r\n      \r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n                                     |               Robust\r\n                             povstat |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]\r\n      -------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n                                  yr |\r\n                               1980  |          0  (base)\r\n                               1990  |  -.0114757   .0452912    -0.25   0.800    -.1002449    .0772935\r\n                               2000  |   -.158782   .0474718    -3.34   0.001    -.2518249    -.065739\r\n                               2005  |  -.0222688   .0936722    -0.24   0.812     -.205863    .1613254\r\n                               2010  |  -.1067875   .0854746    -1.25   0.212    -.2743146    .0607396\r\n                               2015  |  -.3854205   .1213995    -3.17   0.001    -.6233591   -.1474819\r\n                                     |\r\n                                 wff |\r\n              two parents both work  |          0  (base)\r\n            single parent who works  |   1.060778   .0514812    20.61   0.000     .9598764    1.161679\r\n               two parents, 1 works  |   .3525842   .0402307     8.76   0.000     .2737335     .431435\r\n             single parent not work  |   2.066141   .0583853    35.39   0.000     1.951708    2.180574\r\n           two parent neither works  |   1.125473   .0560329    20.09   0.000      1.01565    1.235295\r\n                                     |\r\n                              yr#wff |\r\n       1990#single parent who works  |    .234309   .0686746     3.41   0.001     .0997093    .3689087\r\n          1990#two parents, 1 works  |   .2989324   .0569447     5.25   0.000     .1873228     .410542\r\n        1990#single parent not work  |   .4727174   .0824364     5.73   0.000     .3111451    .6342897\r\n      1990#two parent neither works  |   .5453393   .0879201     6.20   0.000     .3730191    .7176595\r\n       2000#single parent who works  |   .2512216    .068423     3.67   0.000      .117115    .3853282\r\n          2000#two parents, 1 works  |   .4291223   .0600377     7.15   0.000     .3114505    .5467941\r\n        2000#single parent not work  |     .27341   .0829424     3.30   0.001     .1108459    .4359741\r\n      2000#two parent neither works  |   .3853492    .092507     4.17   0.000     .2040387    .5666597\r\n       2005#single parent who works  |   .3586343   .1290474     2.78   0.005     .1057061    .6115625\r\n          2005#two parents, 1 works  |    .347079   .1204575     2.88   0.004     .1109866    .5831714\r\n        2005#single parent not work  |   .1435654   .1738153     0.83   0.409    -.1971064    .4842371\r\n      2005#two parent neither works  |   .7479414   .1903491     3.93   0.000     .3748639    1.121019\r\n       2010#single parent who works  |   .4368022   .1226926     3.56   0.000      .196329    .6772753\r\n          2010#two parents, 1 works  |   .5733609   .1180763     4.86   0.000     .3419355    .8047863\r\n        2010#single parent not work  |   .4849262   .1459424     3.32   0.001     .1988843    .7709681\r\n      2010#two parent neither works  |    .831432   .1794226     4.63   0.000     .4797702    1.183094\r\n       2015#single parent who works  |   .6528215   .1520292     4.29   0.000     .3548496    .9507933\r\n          2015#two parents, 1 works  |   .8140163   .1471315     5.53   0.000     .5256439    1.102389\r\n        2015#single parent not work  |   .9896855   .1833429     5.40   0.000       .63034    1.349031\r\n      2015#two parent neither works  |   1.147994   .2477194     4.63   0.000     .6624732    1.633515\r\n                                     |\r\n                               _cons |  -1.704071   .0330356   -51.58   0.000    -1.768819   -1.639322\r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> margins yr#wff,<\/span> post<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Adjusted predictions                            Number of obs     =     48,953\r\n      Model VCE    : Robust\r\n      \r\n      Expression   : Pr(povstat), predict()\r\n      \r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n                                     |            Delta-method\r\n                                     |     Margin   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]\r\n      -------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n                              yr#wff |\r\n         1980#two parents both work  |   .0441839   .0030855    14.32   0.000     .0381364    .0502315\r\n       1980#single parent who works  |   .2600171   .0128076    20.30   0.000     .2349146    .2851195\r\n          1980#two parents, 1 works  |   .0882698    .003675    24.02   0.000      .081067    .0954727\r\n        1980#single parent not work  |   .6413502   .0179867    35.66   0.000     .6060968    .6766036\r\n      1980#two parent neither works  |   .2814302   .0152727    18.43   0.000     .2514964    .3113641\r\n         1990#two parents both work  |   .0431226   .0028376    15.20   0.000      .037561    .0486841\r\n       1990#single parent who works  |   .3370749   .0121447    27.75   0.000     .3132718     .360878\r\n          1990#two parents, 1 works  |   .1436576   .0058375    24.61   0.000     .1322163     .155099\r\n        1990#single parent not work  |   .7948347   .0140039    56.76   0.000     .7673875    .8222819\r\n      1990#two parent neither works  |   .4821595   .0240131    20.08   0.000     .4350948    .5292243\r\n         2000#two parents both work  |   .0312415   .0023989    13.02   0.000     .0265398    .0359432\r\n       2000#single parent who works  |   .2908671   .0101058    28.78   0.000     .2710601    .3106742\r\n          2000#two parents, 1 works  |   .1398161   .0063827    21.91   0.000     .1273062    .1523259\r\n        2000#single parent not work  |   .6832115   .0171088    39.93   0.000     .6496789    .7167441\r\n      2000#two parent neither works  |   .3624076   .0244615    14.82   0.000     .3144639    .4103512\r\n         2005#two parents both work  |   .0421432     .00788     5.35   0.000     .0266987    .0575877\r\n       2005#single parent who works  |   .3794493   .0302555    12.54   0.000     .3201496    .4387491\r\n          2005#two parents, 1 works  |   .1522865   .0169971     8.96   0.000     .1189728    .1856001\r\n        2005#single parent not work  |   .6855823   .0490814    13.97   0.000     .5893846      .78178\r\n      2005#two parent neither works  |   .5584634   .0629093     8.88   0.000     .4351634    .6817634\r\n         2010#two parents both work  |   .0350814    .006103     5.75   0.000     .0231197    .0470431\r\n       2010#single parent who works  |   .3770347    .029881    12.62   0.000      .318469    .4356004\r\n          2010#two parents, 1 works  |   .1881018   .0210791     8.92   0.000     .1467875    .2294161\r\n        2010#single parent not work  |   .7704134   .0327775    23.50   0.000     .7061706    .8346562\r\n      2010#two parent neither works  |   .5580576   .0596499     9.36   0.000      .441146    .6749693\r\n         2015#two parents both work  |   .0183318   .0052524     3.49   0.000     .0080372    .0286264\r\n       2015#single parent who works  |   .3534987   .0306899    11.52   0.000     .2933475    .4136498\r\n          2015#two parents, 1 works  |   .1780321   .0208191     8.55   0.000     .1372275    .2188368\r\n        2015#single parent not work  |   .8330618   .0321853    25.88   0.000     .7699797    .8961439\r\n      2015#two parent neither works  |   .5729838   .0828179     6.92   0.000     .4106637    .7353039\r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> estimates<\/span> store wffraw<\/pre>\n
Full regression<\/h3>\n
  .<\/span>  probit<\/span> povstat yr##wff age age_head ib0.<\/span>hhedu i.<\/span>immigrant i.<\/span>se<\/span>\r\nx i.<\/span>irace [<\/span>pw=<\/span>perwt]<\/span> if<\/span> age<<\/span>18<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -695669.02  \r\n      Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -492662.01  \r\n      Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -485819.55  \r\n      Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -485755.2  \r\n      Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -485755.09  \r\n      Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -485755.09  \r\n      \r\n      Probit regression                               Number of obs     =     48,743\r\n                                                      Wald chi2(36)     =    6708.74\r\n                                                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000\r\n      Log pseudolikelihood = -485755.09               Pseudo R2         =     0.3017\r\n      \r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n                                     |               Robust\r\n                             povstat |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]\r\n      -------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n                                  yr |\r\n                               1980  |          0  (base)\r\n                               1990  |   .0028169   .0481708     0.06   0.953     -.091596    .0972299\r\n                               2000  |  -.1927909   .0504777    -3.82   0.000    -.2917254   -.0938565\r\n                               2005  |   .0188121   .0976309     0.19   0.847     -.172541    .2101653\r\n                               2010  |  -.0389211   .0903261    -0.43   0.667    -.2159571    .1381148\r\n                               2015  |  -.2906416    .126211    -2.30   0.021    -.5380106   -.0432727\r\n                                     |\r\n                                 wff |\r\n              two parents both work  |          0  (base)\r\n            single parent who works  |   .9618754   .0536563    17.93   0.000      .856711     1.06704\r\n               two parents, 1 works  |   .2773258   .0426332     6.50   0.000     .1937662    .3608853\r\n             single parent not work  |   1.878709   .0602823    31.17   0.000     1.760557     1.99686\r\n           two parent neither works  |   1.014913    .059228    17.14   0.000     .8988278    1.130997\r\n                                     |\r\n                              yr#wff |\r\n       1990#single parent who works  |   .2766528   .0714511     3.87   0.000     .1366112    .4166945\r\n          1990#two parents, 1 works  |    .298434   .0598967     4.98   0.000     .1810385    .4158294\r\n        1990#single parent not work  |   .4893384   .0852012     5.74   0.000     .3223473    .6563296\r\n      1990#two parent neither works  |    .587405   .0928246     6.33   0.000     .4054722    .7693378\r\n       2000#single parent who works  |    .283233    .071184     3.98   0.000     .1437148    .4227511\r\n          2000#two parents, 1 works  |   .4613309   .0633072     7.29   0.000      .337251    .5854107\r\n        2000#single parent not work  |   .3786054   .0860183     4.40   0.000     .2100125    .5471983\r\n      2000#two parent neither works  |   .4355257   .1012775     4.30   0.000     .2370256    .6340259\r\n       2005#single parent who works  |   .3184397   .1327662     2.40   0.016     .0582227    .5786567\r\n          2005#two parents, 1 works  |   .2667082   .1234497     2.16   0.031     .0247513    .5086652\r\n        2005#single parent not work  |   .1717347   .1837722     0.93   0.350    -.1884523    .5319217\r\n      2005#two parent neither works  |   .8371676   .1878561     4.46   0.000     .4689765    1.205359\r\n       2010#single parent who works  |   .4131153   .1283871     3.22   0.001     .1614813    .6647493\r\n          2010#two parents, 1 works  |   .5027221   .1222501     4.11   0.000     .2631163    .7423279\r\n        2010#single parent not work  |   .5186869   .1507867     3.44   0.001     .2231504    .8142235\r\n      2010#two parent neither works  |   .8270614   .1993529     4.15   0.000     .4363369    1.217786\r\n       2015#single parent who works  |   .5814087   .1558574     3.73   0.000     .2759339    .8868835\r\n          2015#two parents, 1 works  |   .7857611   .1516461     5.18   0.000     .4885403    1.082982\r\n        2015#single parent not work  |   1.089515   .1872236     5.82   0.000     .7225637    1.456467\r\n      2015#two parent neither works  |   1.097335   .2513163     4.37   0.000     .6047636    1.589905\r\n                                     |\r\n                                 age |    -.00991   .0034073    -2.91   0.004    -.0165881   -.0032318\r\n                            age_head |  -.0230067   .0020344   -11.31   0.000    -.0269941   -.0190193\r\n                                     |\r\n                               hhedu |\r\n                         HS or Less  |          0  (base)\r\n                    Some College\/AA  |  -.2791045   .0315386    -8.85   0.000    -.3409191   -.2172899\r\n                                BA+  |  -.6743679   .0433022   -15.57   0.000    -.7592386   -.5894971\r\n                                     |\r\n                           immigrant |\r\n                      Non-immigrant  |          0  (base)\r\n                          immigrant  |   .6360939   .0987027     6.44   0.000     .4426402    .8295476\r\n                                     |\r\n                                 sex |\r\n                               Male  |          0  (base)\r\n                             Female  |  -.0228502   .0273574    -0.84   0.404    -.0764697    .0307693\r\n                                     |\r\n                               irace |\r\n                              White  |          0  (base)\r\n                          Non-White  |   .2185108   .0438722     4.98   0.000     .1325227    .3044988\r\n                                     |\r\n                               _cons |  -.5978639   .0688043    -8.69   0.000    -.7327179   -.4630099\r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> margins yr#wff<\/pre>\n
      Predictive margins                              Number of obs     =     48,743\r\n      Model VCE    : Robust\r\n      \r\n      Expression   : Pr(povstat), predict()\r\n      \r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n                                     |            Delta-method\r\n                                     |     Margin   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]\r\n      -------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n                              yr#wff |\r\n         1980#two parents both work  |    .051961    .003524    14.74   0.000     .0450542    .0588679\r\n       1980#single parent who works  |   .2344644   .0118765    19.74   0.000     .2111869    .2577418\r\n          1980#two parents, 1 works  |   .0860245   .0036433    23.61   0.000     .0788838    .0931652\r\n        1980#single parent not work  |   .5522112   .0184858    29.87   0.000     .5159797    .5884426\r\n      1980#two parent neither works  |   .2499576   .0142426    17.55   0.000     .2220427    .2778726\r\n         1990#two parents both work  |   .0522432    .003351    15.59   0.000     .0456754     .058811\r\n       1990#single parent who works  |   .3216742   .0114514    28.09   0.000     .2992299    .3441185\r\n          1990#two parents, 1 works  |   .1393828   .0055338    25.19   0.000     .1285368    .1502287\r\n        1990#single parent not work  |   .7220329   .0161257    44.78   0.000     .6904272    .7536386\r\n      1990#two parent neither works  |   .4508194   .0236018    19.10   0.000     .4045608    .4970779\r\n         2000#two parents both work  |   .0353497    .002653    13.32   0.000       .03015    .0405494\r\n       2000#single parent who works  |   .2611999   .0092187    28.33   0.000     .2431316    .2792681\r\n          2000#two parents, 1 works  |   .1326918   .0061026    21.74   0.000     .1207309    .1446528\r\n        2000#single parent not work  |   .6194932   .0178589    34.69   0.000     .5844904     .654496\r\n      2000#two parent neither works  |   .3271496    .025161    13.00   0.000      .277835    .3764642\r\n         2005#two parents both work  |   .0538684   .0093123     5.78   0.000     .0356165    .0721202\r\n       2005#single parent who works  |   .3412457   .0276454    12.34   0.000     .2870617    .3954296\r\n          2005#two parents, 1 works  |   .1361372   .0147456     9.23   0.000     .1072364    .1650379\r\n        2005#single parent not work  |   .6211686   .0524374    11.85   0.000     .5183932    .7239441\r\n      2005#two parent neither works  |   .5493319   .0562097     9.77   0.000     .4391628    .6595009\r\n         2010#two parents both work  |   .0481849   .0078606     6.13   0.000     .0327784    .0635914\r\n       2010#single parent who works  |   .3539872   .0284831    12.43   0.000     .2981614    .4098129\r\n          2010#two parents, 1 works  |   .1759742    .019204     9.16   0.000      .138335    .2136135\r\n        2010#single parent not work  |   .7181594    .034863    20.60   0.000     .6498291    .7864896\r\n      2010#two parent neither works  |   .5242443   .0635516     8.25   0.000     .3996854    .6488032\r\n         2015#two parents both work  |   .0287516   .0074878     3.84   0.000     .0140757    .0434275\r\n       2015#single parent who works  |   .3254646   .0277078    11.75   0.000     .2711583     .379771\r\n          2015#two parents, 1 works  |   .1836635   .0202412     9.07   0.000     .1439915    .2233355\r\n        2015#single parent not work  |   .8088446   .0327768    24.68   0.000     .7446032    .8730861\r\n      2015#two parent neither works  |   .5311198   .0785289     6.76   0.000      .377206    .6850337\r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> marginsplot<\/pre>\n
        Variables that uniquely identify margins: yr wff\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> graph<\/span> export<\/span> fig8.<\/span>png,<\/span> replace<\/span><\/pre>\n
      (file fig8.png written in PNG format)\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\"Figure<\/p>\n
Figure 8. Changing risk of poverty for work and family in Oregon<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
  .<\/span>  margins yr#wff,<\/span> post<\/span><\/pre>\n
      Predictive margins                              Number of obs     =     48,743\r\n      Model VCE    : Robust\r\n      \r\n      Expression   : Pr(povstat), predict()\r\n      \r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n                                     |            Delta-method\r\n                                     |     Margin   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]\r\n      -------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n                              yr#wff |\r\n         1980#two parents both work  |    .051961    .003524    14.74   0.000     .0450542    .0588679\r\n       1980#single parent who works  |   .2344644   .0118765    19.74   0.000     .2111869    .2577418\r\n          1980#two parents, 1 works  |   .0860245   .0036433    23.61   0.000     .0788838    .0931652\r\n        1980#single parent not work  |   .5522112   .0184858    29.87   0.000     .5159797    .5884426\r\n      1980#two parent neither works  |   .2499576   .0142426    17.55   0.000     .2220427    .2778726\r\n         1990#two parents both work  |   .0522432    .003351    15.59   0.000     .0456754     .058811\r\n       1990#single parent who works  |   .3216742   .0114514    28.09   0.000     .2992299    .3441185\r\n          1990#two parents, 1 works  |   .1393828   .0055338    25.19   0.000     .1285368    .1502287\r\n        1990#single parent not work  |   .7220329   .0161257    44.78   0.000     .6904272    .7536386\r\n      1990#two parent neither works  |   .4508194   .0236018    19.10   0.000     .4045608    .4970779\r\n         2000#two parents both work  |   .0353497    .002653    13.32   0.000       .03015    .0405494\r\n       2000#single parent who works  |   .2611999   .0092187    28.33   0.000     .2431316    .2792681\r\n          2000#two parents, 1 works  |   .1326918   .0061026    21.74   0.000     .1207309    .1446528\r\n        2000#single parent not work  |   .6194932   .0178589    34.69   0.000     .5844904     .654496\r\n      2000#two parent neither works  |   .3271496    .025161    13.00   0.000      .277835    .3764642\r\n         2005#two parents both work  |   .0538684   .0093123     5.78   0.000     .0356165    .0721202\r\n       2005#single parent who works  |   .3412457   .0276454    12.34   0.000     .2870617    .3954296\r\n          2005#two parents, 1 works  |   .1361372   .0147456     9.23   0.000     .1072364    .1650379\r\n        2005#single parent not work  |   .6211686   .0524374    11.85   0.000     .5183932    .7239441\r\n      2005#two parent neither works  |   .5493319   .0562097     9.77   0.000     .4391628    .6595009\r\n         2010#two parents both work  |   .0481849   .0078606     6.13   0.000     .0327784    .0635914\r\n       2010#single parent who works  |   .3539872   .0284831    12.43   0.000     .2981614    .4098129\r\n          2010#two parents, 1 works  |   .1759742    .019204     9.16   0.000      .138335    .2136135\r\n        2010#single parent not work  |   .7181594    .034863    20.60   0.000     .6498291    .7864896\r\n      2010#two parent neither works  |   .5242443   .0635516     8.25   0.000     .3996854    .6488032\r\n         2015#two parents both work  |   .0287516   .0074878     3.84   0.000     .0140757    .0434275\r\n       2015#single parent who works  |   .3254646   .0277078    11.75   0.000     .2711583     .379771\r\n          2015#two parents, 1 works  |   .1836635   .0202412     9.07   0.000     .1439915    .2233355\r\n        2015#single parent not work  |   .8088446   .0327768    24.68   0.000     .7446032    .8730861\r\n      2015#two parent neither works  |   .5311198   .0785289     6.76   0.000      .377206    .6850337\r\n      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n      ------\r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> estimates<\/span> store wffadjusted<\/pre>\n
  .<\/span> matrix<\/span> list<\/span> e<\/span>(<\/span>V)<\/span><\/pre>\n
      symmetric e(V)[30,30]\r\n                        0.yr#       0.yr#       0.yr#       0.yr#       0.yr#       1.yr#       1.yr#       1.yr#       1.yr#       1.yr#       2.yr#\r\n                       1.wff       2.wff       3.wff       4.wff       5.wff       1.wff       2.wff       3.wff       4.wff       5.wff       1.wff\r\n      0.yr#1.wff   .00001242\r\n      0.yr#2.wff   7.340e-07   .00014105\r\n      0.yr#3.wff   2.199e-07   5.534e-07   .00001327\r\n      0.yr#4.wff  -2.139e-07   5.886e-06   9.026e-07   .00034172\r\n      0.yr#5.wff  -1.301e-07   6.130e-07   3.776e-07   4.222e-06   .00020285\r\n      1.yr#1.wff   1.867e-07  -5.748e-08   5.765e-08  -1.266e-06  -5.697e-07   .00001123\r\n      1.yr#2.wff   2.679e-07   2.166e-06  -9.010e-08   1.678e-06  -1.745e-06   2.813e-07   .00013113\r\n      1.yr#3.wff   8.338e-08  -5.120e-07   3.371e-07  -7.284e-07  -3.930e-07   1.873e-07   3.053e-08   .00003062\r\n      1.yr#4.wff  -7.449e-07   3.276e-06   3.351e-07   .00001225   1.832e-06  -9.796e-07   3.102e-06  -4.659e-08   .00026004\r\n      1.yr#5.wff  -6.098e-07  -2.076e-06   6.288e-08   1.449e-06   3.539e-06  -4.787e-07  -2.322e-06  -1.517e-08   1.247e-06   .00055704\r\n      2.yr#1.wff   3.155e-08  -1.812e-07  -1.214e-07  -8.393e-07  -1.473e-07   5.469e-08  -8.305e-08  -7.756e-08  -8.354e-07  -6.994e-08   7.038e-06\r\n      2.yr#2.wff  -1.382e-07   1.539e-06  -4.781e-07   2.672e-06  -3.785e-08  -2.913e-07   1.072e-06  -7.350e-07   2.304e-06  -6.840e-07  -3.628e-09\r\n      2.yr#3.wff  -2.268e-07  -1.173e-06  -1.972e-07  -1.062e-06   6.895e-07  -1.552e-07  -1.274e-06  -2.021e-07  -1.387e-06   1.073e-06   9.318e-08\r\n      2.yr#4.wff  -8.453e-07   2.191e-06  -6.872e-07   9.158e-06   3.915e-06  -1.262e-06   5.589e-08  -1.553e-06   7.337e-06   3.161e-06  -2.432e-07\r\n      2.yr#5.wff  -1.362e-06  -2.468e-06  -1.128e-06   2.296e-06   3.558e-06  -1.167e-06  -2.989e-06  -1.218e-06   1.484e-06   4.801e-06   4.696e-08\r\n      3.yr#1.wff  -4.586e-07   5.137e-07  -6.227e-07   2.368e-06   5.346e-09  -2.540e-08   2.741e-06   5.206e-08   4.276e-06   1.013e-06  -8.176e-08\r\n      3.yr#2.wff  -3.837e-07   3.443e-07  -1.401e-06  -8.255e-07  -3.430e-06  -3.516e-07   1.115e-06  -1.241e-06   3.917e-07  -3.186e-06   1.447e-07\r\n      3.yr#3.wff   9.301e-08  -2.395e-06  -3.479e-07  -6.085e-06  -1.089e-06   5.647e-07  -5.122e-07  -6.522e-08  -4.709e-06  -6.073e-07   4.541e-07\r\n      3.yr#4.wff  -2.870e-07   2.618e-06  -1.937e-06   2.633e-06   3.505e-06  -4.181e-07  -2.624e-07  -3.459e-06  -2.898e-07   6.888e-07   9.084e-07\r\n      3.yr#5.wff   6.962e-07  -1.991e-06   1.198e-06  -4.332e-06   2.824e-06   5.203e-07  -3.783e-06   4.620e-07  -6.437e-06   2.153e-06   2.915e-07\r\n      4.yr#1.wff   2.677e-07  -5.623e-07   7.846e-09  -2.891e-06  -7.218e-07   3.353e-07  -2.309e-07   1.233e-07  -2.737e-06  -6.691e-07   1.855e-07\r\n      4.yr#2.wff   5.101e-07   2.400e-06   2.721e-07   1.407e-06  -1.651e-06   2.195e-07   2.205e-06   2.699e-09   1.395e-06  -2.874e-06  -8.424e-08\r\n      4.yr#3.wff   3.951e-07  -2.956e-06   6.158e-07  -6.744e-06  -3.010e-06   6.230e-07  -9.742e-07   1.309e-06  -4.703e-06  -1.447e-06   4.381e-09\r\n      4.yr#4.wff  -1.111e-06   2.091e-06  -2.527e-07   .00001156   1.865e-06  -1.434e-06   1.626e-06  -3.004e-07   .00001202   2.755e-06  -8.687e-07\r\n      4.yr#5.wff   3.178e-07  -2.638e-06  -8.696e-07  -7.380e-06   3.650e-06   9.051e-07  -7.990e-07  -1.189e-06  -6.567e-06   3.540e-06   1.124e-06\r\n      5.yr#1.wff  -3.190e-08  -1.220e-06  -5.622e-08  -2.135e-06   3.652e-08   4.045e-08  -1.455e-06   3.576e-08  -2.430e-06   4.048e-07   1.150e-07\r\n      5.yr#2.wff   1.688e-07  -4.241e-06  -1.160e-06  -.00001146  -3.026e-06   1.117e-06  -7.873e-07  -2.806e-07  -8.205e-06  -1.459e-06   9.072e-07\r\n      5.yr#3.wff   5.219e-08  -6.195e-06  -4.394e-07  -.00001258  -2.319e-06   1.055e-06  -2.641e-06   7.478e-07  -9.239e-06   3.162e-07   6.741e-07\r\n      5.yr#4.wff  -8.626e-07   6.063e-07   1.040e-07   7.880e-06   7.203e-07  -9.646e-07   2.163e-06   6.239e-07   .00001028   2.437e-06  -8.708e-07\r\n      5.yr#5.wff  -1.531e-06  -3.445e-06  -2.239e-06  -1.033e-06   4.816e-07  -6.165e-07  -1.023e-06  -1.436e-06   1.596e-06   2.839e-06   3.882e-07\r\n      \r\n                        2.yr#       2.yr#       2.yr#       2.yr#       3.yr#       3.yr#       3.yr#       3.yr#       3.yr#       4.yr#       4.yr#\r\n                       2.wff       3.wff       4.wff       5.wff       1.wff       2.wff       3.wff       4.wff       5.wff       1.wff       2.wff\r\n      2.yr#2.wff   .00008498\r\n      2.yr#3.wff  -2.959e-07   .00003724\r\n      2.yr#4.wff   3.006e-06   2.924e-07   .00031894\r\n      2.yr#5.wff   1.122e-06   1.818e-06   6.698e-06   .00063307\r\n      3.yr#1.wff   1.623e-06  -9.438e-07   2.933e-06  -9.773e-07   .00008672\r\n      3.yr#2.wff   2.245e-06  -1.015e-07   1.356e-06   1.900e-06   2.077e-06   .00076427\r\n      3.yr#3.wff  -1.079e-06   7.806e-07  -3.360e-06   1.991e-07   4.292e-07  -2.252e-06   .00021743\r\n      3.yr#4.wff   4.515e-06   9.680e-07   .00001035   8.508e-06   6.674e-06   3.453e-06  -3.812e-06   .00274968\r\n      3.yr#5.wff  -3.350e-06   1.525e-06  -3.891e-06   1.117e-06  -8.032e-07  -7.091e-06  -6.360e-07  -8.737e-06   .00315954\r\n      4.yr#1.wff  -6.309e-07   9.898e-08  -2.117e-06  -1.006e-06  -2.262e-07  -2.724e-07   9.003e-07  -8.329e-07   8.507e-07   .00006179\r\n      4.yr#2.wff   8.616e-07  -9.530e-07  -9.312e-07  -2.951e-06   3.019e-06  -1.261e-06  -1.487e-06  -1.064e-06  -3.165e-06   5.304e-08   .00081128\r\n      4.yr#3.wff  -2.754e-06  -1.774e-08  -7.122e-06  -2.708e-06  -3.753e-07  -2.872e-06   7.202e-07  -6.423e-06   1.260e-06   1.020e-06  -2.651e-06\r\n      4.yr#4.wff   2.734e-06  -7.918e-07   8.580e-06   3.784e-06   2.545e-06   2.331e-07  -2.994e-06   8.098e-06  -3.772e-06  -2.377e-06  -7.449e-08\r\n      4.yr#5.wff  -1.348e-06   1.675e-06   7.876e-07   4.568e-06   3.691e-06  -5.026e-06  -2.443e-07   3.075e-06  -1.781e-07   4.492e-07  -7.389e-07\r\n      5.yr#1.wff  -4.690e-07   6.423e-07  -9.436e-07   9.282e-07   8.926e-08  -1.077e-07   1.170e-06  -1.006e-06   1.056e-06   4.744e-07  -9.579e-07\r\n      5.yr#2.wff  -6.812e-07   1.073e-06  -4.235e-06   1.412e-06   3.803e-06  -1.163e-06  -4.163e-07  -3.511e-06  -6.652e-06   1.544e-06  -7.746e-08\r\n      5.yr#3.wff  -2.856e-06   1.489e-06  -6.876e-06   8.300e-07   1.649e-06  -3.173e-06   2.048e-06  -8.067e-06  -6.642e-07   1.702e-06  -7.679e-07\r\n      5.yr#4.wff   6.419e-07  -7.976e-07   4.188e-06   1.256e-06   3.589e-06  -1.371e-06  -3.585e-07   4.848e-06  -9.798e-07  -2.023e-06  -5.123e-07\r\n      5.yr#5.wff   2.789e-06   1.433e-06   6.769e-06   8.566e-06   5.814e-06   3.942e-06   4.506e-07   6.488e-06  -7.750e-06  -7.400e-07   7.339e-07\r\n      \r\n                        4.yr#       4.yr#       4.yr#       5.yr#       5.yr#       5.yr#       5.yr#       5.yr#\r\n                       3.wff       4.wff       5.wff       1.wff       2.wff       3.wff       4.wff       5.wff\r\n      4.yr#3.wff    .0003688\r\n      4.yr#4.wff  -6.179e-06   .00121543\r\n      4.yr#5.wff  -2.330e-06   3.329e-09   .00403881\r\n      5.yr#1.wff   1.095e-06  -1.934e-06   1.814e-06   .00005607\r\n      5.yr#2.wff   7.673e-07  -3.913e-06  -3.520e-06   8.593e-07   .00076772\r\n      5.yr#3.wff   4.272e-06  -6.039e-06  -1.805e-06   1.581e-06  -9.466e-07   .00040971\r\n      5.yr#4.wff  -3.733e-06   5.217e-06   1.828e-06  -1.846e-06  -1.037e-06  -2.557e-06   .00107432\r\n      5.yr#5.wff  -2.184e-06   5.651e-06   1.684e-06  -5.561e-07  -5.079e-07  -2.352e-06   3.578e-06   .00616679\r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
  .<\/span>  coefplot<\/span> (<\/span>wffraw,<\/span> label<\/span>(<\/span>raw))<\/span> (<\/span>wffadjusted,<\/span> label<\/span>(<\/span>adjusted)),<\/span> \r\nytitle<\/span>(<\/span>Poverty Rate)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
        title(Raw and Adjusted Poverty Rates by WFF) keep(0.yr#1.wff 0.yr#2.wff 0.yr#3.wff \/\/\/\r\n        0.yr#4.wff 0.yr#5.wff  5.yr#1.wff 5.yr#2.wff 5.yr#3.wff 5.yr#4.wff 5.yr#5.wff  ) \/\/\/\r\n        mlabangle(45) vertical\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
[1980 and 2015 Margins by WFF] (fig9edit.png)<\/p>\n
Margins plots from full regression<\/h1>\n
Margins Plots across all years for Two Parents Two Working<\/h3>\n
  .<\/span>  coefplot<\/span> (<\/span>wffadjusted,<\/span> label<\/span>(<\/span>adjusted)),<\/span> ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>Poverty Rate)<\/span> \r\n\/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
        title(Raw and Adjusted Poverty Rates by WFF) keep(0.yr#1.wff 1.yr#1.wff 2.yr#1.wff 3.yr#1.wff \/\/\/\r\n        4.yr#1.wff 5.yr#1.wff) \/\/\/\r\n        mlabangle(45) vertical \/\/\/\r\n        recast(bar) barwidth(0.5) ciopts(recast(rcap)) citop\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
For the following five graphs, Graphs were produced in Stata, then edited<\/h3>\n
and cleaned for visibility. After editing, graphs were saved as .pnw files in<\/h3>\n
the working folder.<\/h3>\n
! [Two Parent Two Working] (fig9_2P2W.png)<\/p>\n
Margins Plots across all years for One Parent One Working<\/h3>\n
  .<\/span>  coefplot<\/span>  (<\/span>wffadjusted,<\/span> label<\/span>(<\/span>adjusted)),<\/span> ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>Poverty Rate)<\/span>\r\n \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
        title(Raw and Adjusted Poverty Rates by WFF) keep(0.yr#2.wff 1.yr#2.wff 2.yr#2.wff 3.yr#2.wff \/\/\/\r\n        4.yr#2.wff 5.yr#2.wff) \/\/\/\r\n        mlabangle(45) vertical \/\/\/\r\n        recast(bar) barwidth(0.5) ciopts(recast(rcap)) \/\/\/\r\n       citop\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
! [One Parent One Working] (fig_91P1W.png)<\/p>\n
Margins Plots across all years for Two Parents One Working<\/h3>\n
  .<\/span>  coefplot<\/span>   (<\/span>wffadjusted,<\/span> label<\/span>(<\/span>adjusted)),<\/span> ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>Poverty Rate\r\n)<\/span> \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
        title(Raw and Adjusted Poverty Rates by WFF) keep(0.yr#3.wff 1.yr#3.wff 2.yr#3.wff 3.yr#3.wff \/\/\/\r\n        4.yr#3.wff 5.yr#3.wff) \/\/\/\r\n        mlabangle(45) vertical \/\/\/\r\n        recast(bar) barwidth(0.5) ciopts(recast(rcap)) \/\/\/\r\n       citop\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
! [Two Parent One Working] (fig9_2P1W.png)<\/p>\n
Margins Plots across all years for One Parent None Working<\/h3>\n
  .<\/span>  coefplot<\/span>  (<\/span>wffadjusted,<\/span> label<\/span>(<\/span>adjusted)),<\/span> ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>Poverty Rate)<\/span>\r\n \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
        title(Raw and Adjusted Poverty Rates by WFF) keep(0.yr#4.wff 1.yr#4.wff 2.yr#4.wff 3.yr#4.wff \/\/\/\r\n        4.yr#4.wff 5.yr#4.wff) \/\/\/\r\n        mlabangle(45) vertical \/\/\/\r\n        recast(bar) barwidth(0.5) ciopts(recast(rcap)) \/\/\/\r\n       citop\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
! [One Parent None Working] (fig9_1P0W.png)<\/p>\n
Margins Plots across all years for Two Parents None Working<\/h3>\n
  .<\/span>  coefplot<\/span>  (<\/span>wffadjusted,<\/span> label<\/span>(<\/span>adjusted)),<\/span> ytitle<\/span>(<\/span>Poverty Rate)<\/span>\r\n \/\/\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
        title(Raw and Adjusted Poverty Rates by WFF) keep(0.yr#5.wff 1.yr#5.wff 2.yr#5.wff 3.yr#5.wff \/\/\/\r\n        4.yr#5.wff 5.yr#5.wff) \/\/\/\r\n        mlabangle(45) vertical \/\/\/\r\n        recast(bar) barwidth(0.5) ciopts(recast(rcap)) \/\/\/\r\n       citop\r\n      \r\n      \r\n      <\/code><\/pre>\n
! [Two Parent None Working] (fig9_2P0W.png)<\/p>\n
  .<\/span>  quietly<\/span> log<\/span> close<\/span><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Here we post the Stata code for the talk Family [work] structure and the rise in Oregon’s rural child poverty rate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7575,"featured_media":169,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[1163502,555567],"class_list":["post-160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-nwcfr","tag-stata"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/osu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/blogs.dir\/2610\/files\/2017\/04\/fig4.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7jXrQ-2A","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7575"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=160"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":180,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160\/revisions\/180"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.oregonstate.edu\/david-rothwell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}