I don’t know much about cloning using bacterial vectors. I know that some bacteria can take in foreign DNA through horizontal gene transfer and integrate it into their own DNA. So my guess for how it works is that the target DNA can be inserted into the bacteria in some way so when the bacteria undergoes DNA replication the target DNA is replicated and can be extracted. I also remember something from another class where DNA can be modified to produce certain proteins that the organism normally doesn’t can the protein can be tracked with a tag at the end and then the DNA and protein content of could be sorted out by using covalent or ionic interactions between the tag and the side wall of the container so that could be a way producing desired proteins using bacteria.
