Yiwei He-BHS 323

The most interesting thing I’ve learned is that the gut-brain communication can influence the colonization of microbiome of babies. When I was doing the research for the writing exercise #7,  the most information I got was about the usage of antibiotic or the mode of delivery, which I think is widely known. Researchers have done plenty of studies on the “outside” reasons, but it looks like we still need more efforts on the “inner” reasons.

Gut-brain communication occurs via interactions between the gut microbiome and PIN pathways, including cytokines, endocrine, and neural pathways. Powerful inflammatory stimulus such as LPS can go cross the intestinal interface and get the peritoneal cavity. This may stimulate a inflammatory response.

I may start my final essay by doing the research first, then write down the interesting points. After that, I will do the further research on those points.

For infants:

• Mode of delivery

Babies born by C-section transfer less bacteria from their mothers, and they got less diversity of their gut microbiome.

• Feeding patterns

Breast feeding stimulates the growth of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides.

• Prenatal antibiotic exposure

Prenatal antibiotic exposure lowers the colonization and diversity of gut microbiome of babies.

Reference:

Yang, I., Corwin, E., Brennan, P., Jordan, S., Murphy, J. and Dunlop, A. (2016). The Infant Microbiome. Nursing Research, 65(1), pp.76-88.

 

Taking nutritional supplements is a intentional choice that may have impact on my microbial communities. Supplements such as dietary fiber, may promote the growth of probiotics in our gut.

The choice of food we eat can have non-intentional impact on our microbial communities. More consumption of meat may inhibit the development of probiotics, as we need more time to digest meat and meat may go bad in our intestinal tract. While if we consume more vegetables, the dietary fiber contained may help the colonization of probiotics as dietary fiber is the food of them.

So far, I only took antibiotics for twice. First time I took antibiotics, I was about 2 months old. I got pneumonia after a bad cold. The situation was totally out of control because I had a high fever at the same time. My mom had no choice and took me to the hospital. I took antibiotics for few days and the pneumonia got controlled.

The second time I took antibiotics was due to serious bacterial infection of a wound on my leg.  I had a physical education test two weeks later, I needed to make sure the infection would not affect my final grade so I took antibiotic injection for one week. The infection get cured quickly, and I did not get any side effects after the injection.

The first behavior I can think about is taking antibiotic. I think it is not a good behavior because antibiotic might kill good and bad gut microbiome at the same time.

Second behavior is consuming more fiber in diet. Fiber in the diet can help to clean the waste in the gut as it is not soluble in water. It can help to create a better gut inner environment. Also, fiber can promote the growth of probiotics, as it is the food of probiotics.

Third behavior is breast feeding, which is related with babies’ gut health. Breast feeding is encouraged since mothers can transfer beneficial microbes to their babies through their milk. It could help babies to set up their gut environment more quickly.

1)In the primary research paper “Symbiotic gut microbes modulate human metabolic phenotypes” (2007), Min et al used a “transgenomic” approach to link gut microme and metabolic phenotype variation.

2)Min et al collected fecal and urinary samples from Chinese and American families, and established an model of the microbial-host metabolic connectivities by using the analysing results.

3)The purpose of this paper was to understand how microbes influenced their hosts.

4)This study is helpful in the development of functional metagenomic and provide solutions to personal and public health care.

Studies show that microorganisms may contribute to some forms of cancer. For example, H. pylori infection are strongly linked to gastric adenocarcinoma. I found a list about some certain microbes and the site of cancer.

Site of cancer                                                                  Microbe

stomach                                                                     Helicobacter pylori

___________________________________________________________
liver                                                            HBV, HCV, Opisthorchis viverrini,

Clonorchis sinensis

___________________________________________________________
cervix, vagina, vulva,                                                   HPV

anus, penis, oropharynx

___________________________________________________________
adult T-cell lymphoma                                              HTLV-1

___________________________________________________________
bladder                                                          Schistosoma haematobium

__________________________________________________________
kaposi sarcoma,                                                 KSHV or HHV8

primary effusion lymphoma

———————————————————————————————————
nasopharynx, hodgkin lymphoma,                       EBV

non-hodgkin lymphoma

 

 

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